Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Herbivory by Redlegged Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) on Arizona Fescue

López, Jorge; Faeth, Stanley H.; Miller, Myrna M.

doi:10.1093/ee/24.6.1576

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, the aphid R. padi is commonly used as a model phloem-feeder in grass studies, and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Few studies have tested orthopteran herbivores despite the fact that they are common, widespread, generalists that feed on grasses (but see Lopez et al 1995;Saikkonen et al 1999;Afkhami and Rudgers 2009). Therefore, the inclusion of preference trials utilizing native S. americana provided a novel comparison for herbivore choice.…”

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is largely unknown if the degree of herbivore deterrence in agricultural grasses is significantly greater than in native grasses because few native grasses have been examined in controlled experiments. Twelve studies have specifically addressed whether or not endophytes in native grasses deter herbivores, including nine experimental studies (Cheplick and Clay 1988;Siegel et al 1990;Bazely et al 1997;Clement et al 1997Clement et al , 2005Miles et al 1998;Tibbets and Faeth 1999;Brem and Leuchtmann 2001;Afkhami and Rudgers 2009) and three observational studies Lopez et al 1995;Saikkonen et al 1999). Together, these studies examined 17 genera and 32 species of grasses (13 of which were in the genus Festuca), which is a small subset of the more than 300 grass species documented to host class 1 endophytes and the *2,000 species that are estimated to be hosts (Leuchtmann 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike herbivore preference, patterns for herbivore performance on native grass species hosting endophytic fungi appear to be more consistent, with the majority of studies showing negative effects of endophyte symbiosis, including increased mortality Cheplick and Clay 1988;Tibbets and Faeth 1999;Brem and Leuchtmann 2001), reduced mass Cheplick and Clay 1988;Lopez et al 1995;Bazely et al 1997;Brem and Leuchtmann 2001), decelerated development time Cheplick and Clay 1988;Brem and Leuchtmann 2001), and decreased fitness (Tibbets and Faeth 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal endophytes of native grasses decrease insect herbivore preference and performance

2010

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Endophytic fungal symbionts of grasses are well known for their protective benefit of herbivory reduction. However, the majority of studies on endophyte-grass symbioses have been conducted on economically important, agricultural species-particularly tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-raising the hypothesis that strong benefits are the product of artificial selection. We examined whether fungal endophytes found in natural populations of native grass species deterred insect herbivores. By testing several native grass-endophyte symbiota, we examined phylogenetic signals in the effects of endophytes on insects and compared the relative importance of herbivore and symbiotum identity in the outcome of the interactions. Preference was assessed using three herbivore species [Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera), Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera), Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera)] and ten native symbiota, which spanned seven grass genera. We also assessed herbivore performance in a no choice experiment for five native symbiota against S. frugiperda. We compared greenhouse and laboratory trials with natural levels of herbivory measured in experimental field populations. In all cases, we included the agronomic grass species, L. arundinaceum, to compare with results from the native grasses. Both in the field and in experimental trials, herbivores showed a significant preference for endophyte-free plant material for the majority of native grasses, with up to three times lower herbivory for endophyte-symbiotic plants; however, the degree of response depended on the identity of the herbivore species. Endophyte presence also significantly reduced performance of S. frugiperda for the majority of grass species. In contrast, the endophyte in L. arundinaceum had few significant anti-herbivore effects, except for a reduction in herbivory at one of two field sites. Our results demonstrate that the mechanisms by which native symbionts deter herbivores are at least as potent as those in model agricultural systems, despite the absence of artificial selection.

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Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal endophytes of native grasses decrease insect herbivore preference and performance

2010

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“…The outcomes of these studies span the range of negative to neutral to positive effects of endophyte infection. Some studies involving native grasses show reduced herbivory or increased insect deterrence on infected grasses relative to uninfected grasses (Christensen and Latch, 1991, Brem and Leuchtmann, 2001, Gonthier et al, 2008, Clement et al, 1997, Clement et al, 2005, Tintjer and Rudgers, 2006and Afkhami and Rudgers, 2009, whilst other studies showed no difference (Christensen and Latch, 1991, Lopez et al, 1995, Clement et al, 1997, Tintjer and Rudgers, 2006and Afkhami and Rudgers, 2009, depending on herbivore species and endophyte strain. Note that most of these studies used generalist insect pest species, such as the armyworm and bird oat cherry aphid, in bioassay tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal grass endophytes and arthropod communities: lessons from plant defence theory and multitrophic interactions

Faeth

Saari

2012

Fungal Ecology

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Abstract:Alkaloids produced by systemic fungal endophytes of grasses are thought to act as defensive agents against herbivores. Endophytic alkaloids may reduce arthropod herbivore abundances and diversity in agronomic grasses. Yet, accumulating evidence, particularly from native grasses, shows that herbivore preference, abundances and species richness are sometimes greater on endophyte-infected plants, even those with high alkaloids, contrary to the notion of defensive mutualism. We argue that these conflicting results are entirely consistent with well-developed concepts of plant defence theory and tri-trophic interactions. Plant secondary chemicals and endophytic alkaloids often fail to protect plants because: (1) specialist herbivores evolve to detoxify and use defensive chemicals for growth and survival; and (2) natural enemies of herbivores may be more negatively affected by alkaloids than are herbivores. Endophytes and their alkaloids may have profound, but often highly variable, effects on communities, which are also consistent with existing theories of plant defence and community genetics.Arthropods | Communities | Endophyte | Herbivores | Neotyphodium | Parasites |

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“…Today, the number of herbivorous insects that have been reported to be negatively affected by endophyte-infected (E+) grasses has grown to over 40 species (Kuldau and Bacon 2008;Popay 2009). However, endophyte infection does not always confer host grass resistance to insects (Kirfman et al 1986; Lewis and Clements 1986;Lopez et al 1995;Saikkonen et al 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Effects of Grass-Neotyphodium Associations on Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Feeding, Development and Survival

Clement

Elberson

2010

Journal of Entomological Science

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Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Herbivory by Redlegged Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) on Arizona Fescue

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Fungal endophytes of native grasses decrease insect herbivore preference and performance

Fungal endophytes of native grasses decrease insect herbivore preference and performance

Fungal grass endophytes and arthropod communities: lessons from plant defence theory and multitrophic interactions

Variable Effects of Grass-Neotyphodium Associations on Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Feeding, Development and Survival

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