Effect of Endosulfan on the Testis of Growing Rats

Sinha, Nivedita; Narayan, R.; Saxena, D. K.

doi:10.1007/s001289900303

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…There are reports of testicular toxicity of endosulfan manifested as decreased spermatogenesis and testicular hormone synthesis (steroidogenesis), as evidenced by a decrease in spermatid count in testes and in sperm count in the cauda epididymis and by changes in marker enzymes for testicular steroidogenesis in adult animals (Chitra et al 1999;Singh andPandey 1989, 1990;Sinha et al 1995). These effects were seen at much lower dosages and shorter durations if exposures occurred during the prenatal or prepubertal periods (Dalsenter et al 1999;Sinha et al 1995Sinha et al , 1997Sinha et al , 2001). Singh and Pandey (1990) also reported profound decreases in the levels of plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone associated with decrease in testicular testosterone in pubertal rats exposed to endosulfan for 30 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later on, more detailed studies in adult rats exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day endosulfan for 5 days per week for 10 weeks showed reduced intratesticular spermatid counts, sperm abnormalities, and changes in the marker enzymes of testicular activities, such as lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, providing further evidence of effects on spermatogenesis (Khan and Sinha 1996;Sinha et al 1995). Exposure of younger animals (3 weeks old) showed marked depletion of spermatid count as well as decreased daily sperm production at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day (Sinha et al 1997), which was earlier seen only at 5 mg/kg/day in adult rats by the same investigators (Sinha et al 1995). More recent studies have shown that exposure of pregnant rats to endosulfan at 1 mg/kg/day from day 12 through parturition leads to decreased spermatogenesis in offspring (Sinha et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 82%

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Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Saiyed

Dewan

Bhatnagar

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

196

119

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There is experimental evidence of adverse effects of endosulfan on the male reproductive system, but there are no human data. Therefore, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between environmental endosulfan exposure and reproductive development in male children and adolescents. The study population was composed of 117 male schoolchildren (10-19 years of age) of a village situated at the foothills of cashew plantations, where endosulfan had been aerially sprayed for more than 20 years, and 90 comparable controls with no such exposure history. The study parameters included recording of clinical history, physical examination, sexual maturity rating (SMR) according to Tanner stages, and estimation of serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and endosulfan residues (70 study and 47 control subjects). Mean +/- SE serum endosulfan levels in the study group (7.47 +/- 1.19 ppb) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in controls (1.37 +/- 0.40 ppb). Multiple regression analysis showed that SMR scoring for development of pubic hair, testes, penis, and serum testosterone level was positively related to age and negatively related to aerial exposure to endosulfan (AEE; p < 0.01). Serum LH levels were significantly positively related to AEE after controlling for age (p < 0.01). The prevalence of congenital abnormalities related to testicular descent (congenital hydrocele, undescended testis, and congenital inguinal hernia) among study and controls subjects was 5.1% and 1.1%, respectively, but the differences were statistically nonsignificant. Our study results suggest that endosulfan exposure in male children may delay sexual maturity and interfere with sex hormone synthesis. Our study is limited by small sample size and nonparticipation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Saiyed

Dewan

Bhatnagar

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

196

119

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“…Additionally, compared to many other available insecticides, it has low toxicity to many species of beneficial insects, mites, and spiders (10). However, endosulfan is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates and it has been implicated increasingly in mammalian gonadal toxicity (28)(29)(30)(31), genotoxicity (4), and neurotoxicity (24). These environmental and health concerns have led to an interest in postapplication detoxification of the insecticide.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enrichment of an Endosulfan-Degrading Mixed Bacterial Culture

Sutherland

Horne

Lacey

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

156

158

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An endosulfan-degrading mixed bacterial culture was enriched from soil with a history of endosulfan exposure. Enrichment was obtained by using the insecticide as the sole source of sulfur. Chemical hydrolysis was minimized by using strongly buffered culture medium (pH 6.6), and the detergent Tween 80 was included to emulsify the insecticide, thereby increasing the amount of endosulfan in contact with the bacteria. No growth occurred in control cultures in the absence of endosulfan. Degradation of the insecticide occurred concomitant with bacterial growth. The compound was both oxidized and hydrolyzed. The oxidation reaction favored the alpha isomer and produced endosulfate, a terminal pathway product. Hydrolysis involved a novel intermediate, tentatively identified as endosulfan monoaldehyde on the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical derivatization results. The accumulation and decline of metabolites suggest that the parent compound was hydrolyzed to the putative monoaldehyde, thereby releasing the sulfite moiety required for growth. The monoaldehyde was then oxidized to endosulfan hydroxyether and further metabolized to (a) polar product(s). The cytochrome P450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, did not prevent endosulfan oxidation or the formation of other metabolites. These results suggest that this mixed culture is worth investigating as a source of endosulfan-hydrolyzing enzymes for use in enzymatic bioremediation of endosulfan residues.

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“…24 The photochemical degradation route of endosulfan in water involves the formation of the endosulfan diol, its transformation to endosulfan ether and finally the ether's complete degradation. 25 This chemical also has been gradually implicated in mammalian gonadal toxicity, [26][27][28][29] genotoxicity, 30 and neurotoxicity. 31 In the environment, endosulfan can be converted by attack at the sulfite group via either oxidation or hydrolysis, to form the toxic endosulfate (endosulfan sulfate) and the nontoxic endodiol (endosulfan diol), respectively ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Environmental Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects of the Poisoning by the Pesticide Endosulfan

Patočka¹,

Wu²,

França³

et al. 2016

Química Nova

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publicado na web em 06/06/2016 Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide, widely used in insect control. Unfortunately, it is also an acute neurotoxic compound to both insects and mammals, including humans, and has been responsible for many severe poisonings and several fatal cases. Endosulfan also imitates or enhances the effect of the female hormone estrogen, having the capability of causing reproductive and developmental damage in both, animals and humans, and its exposure has been linked to liver tissue injury. This persistent lipophilic compound is one of the most abundant organochlorine pesticides in the environment, capable of undergoing long range transport to remote locations such as the Arctic. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its indiscriminate and injudicious use in the control of insects on a wide range of agricultural products and in the extermination of household pests, has considerably increased the hazard risk for human health. Also, this compound has a high fatality rate in humans when ingested accidentally, from food or water contaminated, or in suicidal cases. The aim of this article is to review and summarize chemical, biochemical, environmental, and toxicological data of endosulfan and draw attention to its toxicological potential risk to human health.

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Effect of Endosulfan on the Testis of Growing Rats

Cited by 64 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Enrichment of an Endosulfan-Degrading Mixed Bacterial Culture

Clinical Aspects of the Poisoning by the Pesticide Endosulfan

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