Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors on<i>Campylobacter</i>colonization of chicken broilers

Georgiev, Milen I.; Beauvais, Wendy; Guitian, Javier

doi:10.1017/s095026881600251x

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…A well-designed and planned biosecurity approach at farm level have been established as a fundamental method to counteract colonization of flocks (Georgiev et al, 2017). The present review will focus on the avian management practices on poultry farms and what effect these have on Campylobacter prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effect of Management Practices on Campylobacter Prevalence in Poultry Farms

et al. 2018

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Poultry is frequently associated with campylobacteriosis in humans, with Campylobacter jejuni being the most usual Campylobacter associated with disease in humans. Far-reaching research on Campylobacter was undertaken over the past two decades. This has resulted in interventions being put in place on farms and in processing plants. Despite these interventions, coupled with increased media coverage to educate the consumer on Campylobacter prevalence and campylobacteriosis, human health incidents are still high. Recent research is now shifting toward further understanding of the microorganisms to challenge interventions in place and to look at further and more relevant interventions for the reduction in human incidents. Farm practices play a key role in the control of colonization within poultry houses and among flocks. Prevalence at the farm level can be up to 100% and time of colonization may vary widely between flocks. Considerable research has been performed to understand how farm management and animal health practices can affect colonization on farms. This review will focus on farm practices to date as a baseline for future interventions as the microorganism becomes better understood. Further research is required to understand the chicken microbiome and factors influencing vertical transmission. The persistence of Campylobacter in animal and environmental reservoirs within and around farms requires further investigation to tailor farm practices toward preventing such reservoirs.IMPLICATIONS This review gives an overview of farm practices and their effect on Campylobacter prevalence in poultry. Various elements of farm practices have been captured in this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effect of Management Practices on Campylobacter Prevalence in Poultry Farms

et al. 2018

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“…Among units with poorer biosecurity, a physical access barrier and dedicated footwear were protective risk factors. In both the foregoing studies, the association with superior biosecurity was lower, or absent, following thinning (Georgiev et al., ; Smith et al., ).…”

Section: Field Investigations Into Biosecurity and Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An independent multivariable analysis on U.K. data collected at the same time also concluded that thinning was a risk factor separate from flock age (Lawes et al., ). Other quantitative analytical studies have implicated thinning in counteracting the reduced colonization associated with enhanced biosecurity, among the birds remaining at final depopulation (Georgiev et al., ; Smith et al., ). By contrast, a retrospective multivariable modelling analysis of data from The Netherlands concluded that thinning was not significantly associated with flock colonization by Campylobacter once flock age and season had been accounted for (Russa et al., ).…”

Section: Field Investigations Into Biosecurity and Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, longer downtimes between flocks have been identified as a positive risk factor in recent U.K. and international (EU) studies (Georgiev et al., ; Høg et al., ; Sommer et al., ). There appears to be an inverse association between length of downtime and the quality of hygiene and/or more general turn‐around procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summer peak in incidence was evident, most markedly in more northern latitudes, and the U.K. data showed the summer months to be associated with an elevated risk of heavily contaminated carcasses . Season or average temperature have proven to be significant risk factors in several other studies (Allain et al, 2014;Chowdhury, Sandberg, Themudo, & Ersbøll, 2012;Georgiev, Beauvais, & Guitian, 2017;Sandberg et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2016;. Campylobacter bacteria colonize broiler flocks asymptomatically, with rapid spread within a flock evident from the time of 1st detection.…”

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Field Interventions Against Colonization of Broilers by Campylobacter

Wales

Vidal

Davies

et al. 2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Poultry accounts for a high proportion of human campylobacteriosis cases, and the problem of Campylobacter colonization of broiler flocks has proven to be intractable. Owing to their broad host range and genetic instability, Campylobacter organisms are ubiquitous and adaptable in the broiler farm environment, colonizing birds heavily and spreading rapidly after introduction into a flock. This review examines strategies to prevent or suppress such colonization, with a heavy emphasis on field investigations. Attempts to exclude Campylobacter via enhanced biosecurity and hygiene measures have met with mixed success. Reasons for this are becoming better understood as investigations focus on houses, ventilation, biosecurity practices, external operators, and compliance, among other factors. It is evident that piecemeal approaches are likely to fail. Complementary measures include feed and drinking water treatments applied in either preventive or suppressive modes using agents including organic acids and their derivatives, also litter treatments, probiotics, prebiotics, and alterations to diet. Some treatments aim to reduce the number of Campylobacter organisms entering abattoirs by suppressing intestinal colonization just before slaughter; these include acid water treatment or administration of bacteriophages or bacteriocins. Experimental vaccines historically have had little success, but some recent subunit vaccines show promise. Overall, there is wide variation in the control achieved, and consistency and harmonization of trials is needed to enable robust evaluation. There is also some potential to breed for resistance to Campylobacter. Good and consistent control of flock colonization by Campylobacter may require an as‐yet undetermined combination of excellent biosecurity plus complementary measures.

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Campylobacter: Animal Reservoirs, Human Infections, and Options for Control

Wagenaar

Newell

Kalupahana

et al. 2023

Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Campylobacteriosis is a frequently diagnosed disease in humans. Most infections are considered foodborne and are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. The animal reservoirs of these Campylobacter species, and the sources and routes of transmission, are described and discussed in this chapter. Most warm-blooded animals can be colonized by Campylobacter, but avian species, and in particular poultry, are preferred hosts. Much of the world's poultry production is colonized by Campylobacter. Source attribution studies estimate that 20-40% of cases are attributed to the handling and consumption of chicken meat, while up to 80% of cases are due to Campylobacter found in the chicken reservoir. The difference suggests that routes other than through the food chain, i.e., environmental contamination, are important. The epidemiology of infections in humans differs between industrialized and low-and middle-income countries. Thus, the most effective interventions would be targeted to primary production. To date, only improved biosecurity is available. If effectively implemented, strict biosecurity can reduce the number of Campylobacter-positive flocks, but implementation to this level has proved difficult for the poultry industry. Available interventions in chicken processing plants can substantially reduce Campylobacter numbers on carcasses and consequently reduce the risk to humans. Public health strategies therefore utilize control programs, which aim at reducing the level of Campylobacter by measures along the food chain. It is now recognized that commercially acceptable complementary interventions for primary production, such as vaccines and feed additives, are urgently needed. Once Campylobacter in poultry is controlled then other minor sources of Campylobacter including contaminated drinking water, direct contact with (pet) animals, and other food items (e.g., red meat and milk) can be addressed.

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Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors onCampylobactercolonization of chicken broilers

Abstract: This is the author's accepted manuscript of the following article: GEORGIEV, M., BEAUVAIS, W. and GUITIAN, J. (2016) 'Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors on Campylobacter colonization of chicken broilers', Epidemiology and Infection, pp. 1-15.

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

A Review of the Effect of Management Practices on Campylobacter Prevalence in Poultry Farms

A Review of the Effect of Management Practices on Campylobacter Prevalence in Poultry Farms

Field Interventions Against Colonization of Broilers by Campylobacter

Campylobacter: Animal Reservoirs, Human Infections, and Options for Control

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