Effect of Environmental Noise, Distance and Warning Sound on Pedestrians’ Auditory Detectability of Electric Vehicles

Hsieh, Min‐Chih; Chen, Hung‐Jen; Tong, Ming-Le; Yan, Cheng-Wu

doi:10.3390/ijerph18179290

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These are the ECE-R138 regulation introduced by the United Nations in 2017 and the FMVSS -141 regulations introduced by the United States Department of Transportation in 2018. While designing the psychoacoustic sound for AVAS systems, the minimum sound level, frequency spectrum, and frequency shift requirements specified by these regulations were taken into consideration [1]. For designing the system, component selection and design are carried out in accordance with AEC-Q100, AEC-Q200 and ASIL-B standards to comply UNECE R10 regulation.…”

Section: A Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the quiet operation of these vehicles has presented a significant challenge in terms of pedestrian safety. [1] To address this challenge, many countries have required the installation of Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems in electric and hybrid vehicles. The goal of AVAS is to generate a psychoacoustic sound that attires the attention of pedestrians while electric and hybrid vehicles are travelling at low speeds (20km/h and below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing Audible Safety with Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System for Commercial Vehicles

Bavtar,

Cetinel,

Yavuz

et al. 2024

IJRASET

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Electric and hybrid vehicles, known for their environmental benefits, also present a unique challenge because of their quiet operation. In urban settings, this lack of noise increases the potential for accidents with pedestrians who rely heavily on auditory cues. In response to this concern, Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems (AVAS) have been introduced and many countries, including the US and EU, have mandated the installation of Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems. These systems produce sounds to alert pedestrians of an approaching vehicle by increasing the audibility of electric and hybrid vehicles to ensure pedestrian safety [1]. In this paper, we dive deep into designing an effective AVAS for commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses. Any AVAS must conform the international regulations such as the ECE-R138 regulation by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and FMVSS 141 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), so our design adheres to guidelines set by key global bodies. This endeavour was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye. Our AVAS not only offers a variety of sound options but also includes self-diagnostic features to ensure its consistent performance. An integral part of our study was the utilization of an ASIL-B functional safety-compliant embedded MCU system to generate and manipulate psychoacoustic sounds. The regulations regarding the acoustic characteristics of AVAS sounds, such as minimum sound level, frequency spectrum, and frequency shift, have been instrumental in improving awareness of the AVAS sounds of quiet vehicles[2]. The ultimate aim is to showcase a versatile, compliant, and efficient AVAS, beneficial for the future landscape of electric and hybrid commercial vehicles

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Section: A Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Audible Safety with Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System for Commercial Vehicles

Bavtar,

Cetinel,

Yavuz

et al. 2024

IJRASET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A study for the long-term detection of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELFMF) in pure EVs reveals that regular maintenance does not reduce magnetic flux density, while major repairs or accidents may lead to stronger ELFMF exposure [ 29 ]. It is also noted that the low driving noise of pure EVs is not easily perceived by pedestrians and may create traffic safety problems [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Carbon Goal-Based Quadrilateral Evolutionary Game: Study on the New Energy Vehicle Industry in China

Liu

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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In an effort to tackle climate change, the “Dual Carbon” target raised by the Chinese government aims to reach peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Accordingly, policy incentives have accelerated the new energy vehicle (NEV) sector. Whilst previous studies have focused on the bilateral game between governments and manufacturers, NEV development has witnessed interaction among multiple players. In this paper, we construct a quadrilateral evolutionary game model, considering the impact of government policies, manufacturers’ R&D investments, dealers’ support, and consumer choice on the evolutionary stabilization strategy (ESS) in the context of China. The results show that: (1) in the absence of government incentives, there is no motivation for manufacturers, dealers and consumers to consider the development of NEVs; (2) government incentives affect manufacturers and consumers on the evolutionary paths in the short term. In the long term, benefit- and utility-based limited rationality has a dominant role in the ESS. This study contributes to the understanding of the multilateral dynamics of NEV innovation and provides important implications to practitioners and policy makers.

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“…Scott A. Hong [26] investigated the problem of hearing damage to infants from excessive volume by setting up three microphones at different spatial distances to simulate different volumes. Min-Chih Hsieh [27] set up an electric vehicle warning sound with different volume levels and different distances and the efficiency of it with a recognition of the warning was judged. Accordingly, the degree of influence of auditory warnings at different volume levels on visual perception was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction Mechanism of Auditory-Assisted Vision for Target Search Localization in Mixed Reality (MR) Environments

Wang

Dang

et al. 2022

Aerospace

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In MR (mixed reality) environments, visual searches are often used for search and localization missions. There are some problems with search and localization technologies, such as a limited field of view and information overload. They are unable to satisfy the need for the rapid and precise location of specific flying objects in a group of air and space targets under modern air and space situational requirements. They lead to inefficient interactions throughout the mission process. A human being’s decision and judgment will be affected by inefficient interactions. Based on this problem, we carried out a multimodal optimization study on the use of an auditory-assisted visual search for localization in an MR environment. In the spatial–spherical coordinate system, the target flight object position is uniquely determined by the height h, distance r, and azimuth θ. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the cross-modal connections between the auditory elements and these three coordinates based on a visual search. In this paper, an experiment was designed to study the correlation between auditory intuitive perception and vision and the cognitive induction mechanism. The experiment included the three cross-modal mappings of pitch–height, volume–distance, and vocal tract alternation–spatial direction. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) Visual cognition is induced by high, medium, and low pitches to be biased towards the high, medium, and low spatial regions of the visual space. (2) Visual cognition is induced by loud, medium, and low volumes to be biased towards the near, middle, and far spatial regions of the visual space. (3) Based on the HRTF application, the vocal track alternation scheme is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of visual interactions. Visual cognition is induced by left short sounds, right short sounds, left short and long sounds, and right short and long sounds to be biased towards the left, right, left-rear, and right-rear directions of visual space. (4) The cognitive load of search and localization technologies is significantly reduced by incorporating auditory factors. In addition, the efficiency and effect of the accurate search and positioning of space-flying objects have been greatly improved. The above findings can be applied to the research on various types of target search and localization technologies in an MR environment and can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of spatial information perception and cognitive induction mechanisms in an MR environment with visual–auditory coupling.

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Effect of Environmental Noise, Distance and Warning Sound on Pedestrians’ Auditory Detectability of Electric Vehicles

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Designing Audible Safety with Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System for Commercial Vehicles

Designing Audible Safety with Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System for Commercial Vehicles

Dual Carbon Goal-Based Quadrilateral Evolutionary Game: Study on the New Energy Vehicle Industry in China

Induction Mechanism of Auditory-Assisted Vision for Target Search Localization in Mixed Reality (MR) Environments

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