Effect of estrogen in malignant melanoma

Bhari, Neetu; Schwaertz, Robert A; Apalla, Zoé; Salerni, Gabriel; Akay, Bengü Nisa; Patil, Anant; Grabbe, Stephan; Goldust, Mohamad

doi:10.1111/jocd.14391

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Immunohistochemical observations from 38 patients with melanoma confirmed that ERα expression was absent malignant melanoma ( 297 ). Traditionally, ERα was thought to promote the growth of melanoma cells ( 298 ). Tian et al.…”

Section: Ers In the Manifestation Of Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease

Chen

Ouyang

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans. Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system-related disorders (endometriosis, and breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer), bone-related abnormalities, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, urogenital tract disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cutaneous melanoma. ER alpha (ERα), ER beta (ERβ), and novel G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) have been identified as the most prominent ERs. This review provides an overview of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1, as well as their functions in health and disease. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications and challenges are discussed.

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Section: Ers In the Manifestation Of Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease

Chen

Ouyang

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…ERα enhances DNA transcription, while ERβ inhibits it. ERα plays a role in tumorigenesis by stimulating cell proliferation, while ERβ seems to have a significant antiproliferative activity [4,12]. Moreover, steroid hormones elicit 'nongenomic pathway' activation by inducing the activation of the RAS/BRAF/MEK axis, which has a key role in CM development and treatment [4,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ERα has a relevant role in the cross-talk of the steroid driven nongenomic pathway and MAPK activation as showed in ERα KO mice, where it was absent, suggesting a key interaction between these two pathways [4]. Furthermore, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), with its specific agonists G1 and 17β-estradiol, promotes melanogenesis through the increase of cAMP levels and final activation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) [4,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female melanoma and estrogen receptors expression: an immunohistochemical pilot study

et al. 2022

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Epidemiologic data highlight sex differences in melanoma outcome. A putative role of sex hormones is still under investigation. Very few laboratory investigations have focused on the level of expression of estrogen receptors in melanoma. We evaluated the presence of estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in melanoma specimens from female patients with a previous history of breast carcinoma (BC). Moreover, another group of female patients undergoing ovarian stimulation (OS) were also compared to two control groups matched for age and melanoma staging. The study was performed at the IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola Hospital’s Melanoma Unit from January 2017 to December 2019. The nuclear and cytoplasmatic immunohistochemical staining was evaluated and scored by the percentage of stained tumour cells: 0 (≤20%), 1 (21–50%) or 2 (≥50%). Twenty-eight specimens were analysed. ERβ nuclear presence was detected in all cases of women with a history of breast cancer. Cytoplasmatic ERβ was clearly expressed with a score of 2 in seven cases. In the respective control group, nuclear and cytoplasmatic ERβ expression was much lower. A cytoplasmatic ERα positivity was also detected in almost all cases. In the second group of women who experienced ovarian stimulation for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), a lower abundance of nuclear ERs was detected. Conversely, cytoplasmatic ERβ and α expression ranged widely. Melanoma of women treated with anti-estrogen therapy is generally more prone to express estrogen receptors compared with women of the same age and CM staging but also compared with women in fertile age with and without a history of OS.

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“…Initiation and growth of these tumor types are well known to be driven by nuclear hormone receptors, such as ER, AR, and PR, and therefore these effects on tumor development are likely to be cell‐autonomous. In melanoma as well, it has been suggested that sex‐specific cellular expression of the ERs contributes to tumor development 40 . This might explain the sex steroid hormone‐dependent effects within cohorts of cisgender men or women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In melanoma as well, it has been suggested that sex-specific cellular expression of the ERs contributes to tumor development. 40 This might explain the sex steroid hormone-dependent effects within cohorts of cisgender men or women. However, the ER expression levels in a transgender individual might not be altered by GAHT per se, which could be a mechanistic explanation for the observed lack of effect of GAHT on melanoma development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin cancer incidence in transgender individuals receiving gender‐affirming hormone treatment: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands

et al. 2023

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Background Development of skin cancer, in particular melanoma, has been linked to sex hormones. We aimed to determine the incidence of skin cancer in transgender individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT). Methods In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, clinical information of participants who visited our clinic between (the years) 1972 and 2018 and received GAHT was integrated with national pathology and cancer statistics data in order to assess skin cancer incidence. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. ResultsThe cohort consisted of 2,436 trans women and 1,444 trans men. The median age at the start of GAHT was 31 years (IQR 24-42) in trans women and 24 years (IQR 20-32) in trans men. The median follow-up time for trans women was 8 years (IQR 3-18) with a total follow-up time of 29,152 years and 4 years (IQR 2-12) with a total follow-up time of 12,469 years for trans men. Eight trans women were diagnosed with melanoma ] vs. all men; SIR 1. 40 [0.65-2.65] vs. all women), and seven developed squamous cell carcinoma (SIR 0.78 [0.34-1.55] vs. all men; SIR 1.15 [0.50-2.27] vs. all women). Two trans men developed melanoma ] vs. all men; SIR 0.77 [0.14-2.70] vs. all women).Conclusions GAHT did not appear to affect skin cancer incidence in this large cohort of transgender individuals. As skin cancer incidence increases with age and the proportion of elderly subjects is currently limited in this cohort, it will be worthwhile to repeat this analysis in the future.

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Effect of estrogen in malignant melanoma

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease

Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease

Female melanoma and estrogen receptors expression: an immunohistochemical pilot study

Skin cancer incidence in transgender individuals receiving gender‐affirming hormone treatment: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands

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