Effect of Estrogen on Cellular Metabolism of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Yu, Warren; Liu, Stephen H.; Hatch, Joshua D.; Panossian, Vah; Finerman, Gerald A. M.

doi:10.1097/00003086-199909000-00030

Cited by 137 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Anatomical, neuromuscular, behavior patterns and hormonal differences between men and women make women more susceptible to ACL injuries (Griffin et al 2000;Barber-Westin et al 2009). Recently, many studies have examined the relationship between estrogen and the mechanical properties of the ACL (Liu et al 1997;Yu et al 1999;Shultz et al 2004;Hansen et al 2009) and the presence of 17-beta estradiol receptors in human ACL and muscle (Liu et al 1997;Yu et al 1999;Shultz et al 2004;Hansen et al 2009). Human tendons, muscles, and ligaments are composed of collagen fibers closely packed together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human tendons, muscles, and ligaments are composed of collagen fibers closely packed together. Due to the decrease of collagen formation and fibroblast proliferation with an increased estrogen serum concentration, the decreased collagen synthesis causes ligament relaxation, weak muscle strength and tendon elasticity all of which makes the ACL more prone to injuries in women compared to men (Liu et al 1997;Yu et al 1999;Park et al 2009). In addition, restricted knee extension affects normal leg movement and this can lead to more non-contact ACL injuries (Kvist and Gillquist 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Greater Reduction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Elasticity in Women Compared to Men as a Result of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Lee

Petrofsky

Laymon

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Women have a higher risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries compared to men. ACL elasticity and muscle flexibility are major risk factors for knee injuries. The presence of estrogen receptors in connective tissue allows estrogen to change the mechanical properties of muscles and ligaments. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) happened when begin unaccustomed levels of exercise. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine ACL elasticity after exercise meant to produce DOMS. As a measure of DOMS, visual analog pain scale and quadriceps strength were measured. One hundred forty healthy students (age: 25.2 ± 2.4 years, height: 165.9 ± 8.0 cm, weight: 62.5 ± 10.5 kg, BMI: 22.6 ± 3.1) participated in this investigation and were divided into two groups: men (n = 70) and women (n = 70). Visual analog pain scale, ACL elasticity, and quadriceps strength were measured before and after the intervention. Subjects participated in the same exercise to induce DOMS. To provoke DOMS, subjects accomplished squats for 5 minutes for 3 rounds. Greater ACL elasticity, greater pain on the subjective pain scale and less muscle strength were found (p < 0.001) in women compared to men before and after exercise. A greater reduction of ACL elasticity (p < 0.05) was found as a result of DOMS in women compared to men. Women are likely to have the damage to the ACL and recover slower compared to men after exercise. Thus, we suggest that women should have more time for musculoskeletal recovery after heavy exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Greater Reduction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Elasticity in Women Compared to Men as a Result of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Lee

Petrofsky

Laymon

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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show abstract

“…What are the sex-specific hormonal, molecular, and genetic mechanisms of sex hormones on ACL structure, metabolism, and mechanical properties? Although the influence of hormones on ACL biology has been examined in a variety of animal models [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] and relatively few human studies, 94,107 consensus is lacking because of variations in study designs and the species examined. 4.…”

Section: Because Of the Individual Variabilities In Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

ACL Research Retreat V: An Update on ACL Injury Risk and Prevention, March 25–27, 2010, Greensboro, NC

Shultz

Schmitz

Nguyen

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…As such, the link between female sex hormones and ACL injury risk requires further study before definitive conclusions can be drawn. It is known that sex-specific hormones have a profound effect on collagen tissue and appear to significantly alter the metabolism and structure of the anterior cruciate ligament (Yu, Liu, Hatch, Panossian, & Finerman, 1999), and these factors are thought to contribute to increased knee laxity in females. Sex differences in knee laxity are cycle dependent, although the variation in hormone profiles between females (e.g., cycle length, hormone phasing, and concentration changes) lead to considerable differences in the relationship between the hormones with changes in knee laxity across the cycle (Shutlz et al, in press;Shutlz, Sander, Kirk, Johnson, & Perrin, 2004).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Acl Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Rehabilitation and the Challenge of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Physically Active Female

Perrin¹,

Shultz²

2005

Quest

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Abstract:Rehabilitation professionals facilitate healthy movement and mobility in individuals seeking to engage in physically active lifestyles. The disparate rate of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in physically active females in comparison to males serves as an excellent example of the challenges faced by rehabilitation professionals. The surgical reconstruction of the ligament and post-surgical rehabilitation has received a great deal of attention, but far less emphasis has been placed on the etiology and prevention of this disabling injury. This article addresses the impact of increased physical activity among females on ACL injury incidence, what is known and unknown about injury risk, and the importance of identifying strategies for prevention of injury to the ACL. One example of a research program that is exploring the potential risk factors for ACL injury in the physically active female is discussed. Article:For purposes of this paper, rehabilitation professionals will be defined as allied health care providers such as certified athletic trainers, physical therapists, strength and conditioning specialists, and the various medical specialties that comprise the sports medicine team. The objective of these professionals is to facilitate healthy movement and mobility in individuals seeking to engage in physically active every day lifestyles, including those participating in competitive athletics across the lifespan. Inherent in this objective is the need to develop scientifically based programs of injury prevention, evaluation, and rehabilitation. For these professionals to focus solely on physical rehabilitation does an injustice to the growing number of citiZens pursuing physically active lifestyles and the benefits that accrue from movement and mobility in every day living. One particular challenge currently faced by rehabilitation professionals is the epidemic of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee among physically active females. This particular professional issue related to every day movement and mobility will be used to illustrate the importance of a comprehensive approach to physical rehabilitation. The paper will address the impact of increased physical activity among females on injury incidence, what is known and unknown about injury risk, and the importance of identifying strategies for prevention of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Finally, a research model that is exploring the relationship between sex hormones, knee stability factors, and ACL injury risk will be presented. Increased Physical Activity Among Females and Epidemiology of ACL Injury

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Effect of Estrogen on Cellular Metabolism of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Cited by 137 publications

References 37 publications

A Greater Reduction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Elasticity in Women Compared to Men as a Result of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

A Greater Reduction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Elasticity in Women Compared to Men as a Result of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

ACL Research Retreat V: An Update on ACL Injury Risk and Prevention, March 25–27, 2010, Greensboro, NC

Physical Rehabilitation and the Challenge of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Physically Active Female

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