Effect of ethylene on physiological and biochemical parameters in different crop plants - A review

Abstract

A phytohormone may be defined as an organic substance other than a nutrient active in very minute amounts which is formed in certain parts of all plants and which is usually translocated to other sites, where it evokes specific biochemical, physiological and morphological responses. The gaseous plant hormone ethylene modulates many internal processes and growth responses to environmental stimuli. Ethylene is known to exert its effects by altering gene expression both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Ethylene has long beenrecognized as a growth inhibitor, but evidence is accumulating that ethylene can also promote growth. Therefore, the concept of ethylene as a general growth inhibitor needs reconsideration. Different authors screened various concentrations viz. 100 ppm, 150 ppm which promotes the plant growth in groundnut, soybean, mustard, barley, pigeonpea etc. The lower concentration of ethylene (100ppm) has increased the yield by 17 percent in pigeonpea. It increased the yield by manipulating source-sink relationships and flower retention The present study highlights the various processes of growth stimulated by ethylene and its use in enhancing yield of various crop species. It could be inferred that lower concentration of ethrel sprayed at pre-flowering stage promoted the growth and yield of various crops (barley, corn, groundnut, pigeonpea, soybean etc.).

Calcium pyruvate as a salt stress mitigator in yellow passion fruit seedlings

“…'BR1' , the positive effect on gas exchange parameters coincided with restoration of the action of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in an increase in SOD (45%), CAT (129%), and APX (60%) indices. In the literature, it is reported that physiological and biochemical processes in plants are closely related, with effects intrinsically associated in cascades (Pahwa & Ghai, 2015).…”

Ethylene-Mediated Modulation of Bud Phenology, Cold Hardiness, and Hormone Biosynthesis in Peach (Prunus persica)

“…Heat accumulation was computed as growing degree hours (GDH), according to the method proposed by Anderson et al [ 9 ]. In this model, hourly temperatures less than 4.5 °C registered no GDH; temperatures in the interval of 4.5–25 °C were adjusted by subtracting 4.5 °C; and temperatures greater than 25 °C were registered as 20.5 (25–4.5) °C.…”

“…Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) is an ethylene-based PGR that has demonstrated effectiveness in protecting fruit trees against spring frosts. Ethephon decomposes to ethylene after entering plant cells, and its effects are generally attributed to ethylene [ 9 ]. Many studies have documented that fall applications of ethephon can delay bloom in many fruit species, especially stone fruits.…”

Research progress on the physiological response and molecular mechanism of cold response in plants

“…Low temperature regulates seed germination by mediating ABA and GA metabolism and signaling, and the two hormones antagonistically promote seed coat and endosperm rupture ( MacGregor et al., 2015 ). As a plant growth regulator (PGR) that releases ethylene, ethephon can delay the flowering of many plants, greatly reducing the chance of freezing damage ( Pahwa and Ghai, 2015 ). Ethephon can delay flowering and prolong the dormant period of flower buds by increasing cooling and improving the cold tolerance of flower buds ( Durner and Gianfagna, 1991 ).…”