Effect of Exchangeable Soil Aluminum and Alkaline Calcium Salts on the Pathogenicity and Growth of<i>Phytophthora capsici</i>from Green Pepper

Muchovej, J. J.

doi:10.1094/phyto-70-1212

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In addition to Al inhibition of these specific soil-borne pathogens, several other soil-borne pathogens have been shown to be sensitive to elevated Al concentrations on the basis of in vitro tests, including Aphanomyces euteiches (Lewis, 1973), Phytophthora capsici (Muchovej et al, 1980), Phytophthora parasitica (Benson, 1993;Fichtner et al, 2001), Verticillium albo-atrum (Orellana et al, 1975), Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Ko, 1983, 1985), and Thielaviopsis basicola (Meyer, 1994). Thus, acidic Andosols with abundant Al-humus complexes possess the potential to reduce damage from selected soilborne pathogens through inhibition by exchangeable and aqueous Al.…”

Section: Soil Borne Diseases and Microbial Processes In Non-allophanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature, properties and function of aluminum–humus complexes in volcanic soils

2016

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Andosols (or Andisols) possess several distinctive properties that are rarely found in other groups of soils. These properties are largely due to the dominance of short-range-ordered minerals (allophane, imogolite and ferrihydrite) and/or metal-humus complexes (Al/Fe-humus complexes) in their colloidal fraction. While several papers have extensively reviewed the nature and properties of short-range-ordered minerals, there is no comprehensive review of the genesis, characteristics and management implications of Al-humus complexes, the dominant form of active Al in non-allophanic Andosols. In this review, we survey the chemical characteristics of Al-humus complexes and discuss the pedogenic environment favoring their formation in non-allophanic Andosols. The role of Al-humus complexes in carbon cycling and soil organic carbon accumulation is emphasized as an important mechanism controlling organic dynamics in Andosols. While non-allophanic Andosols share many common properties with allophanic Andosols, they display several distinct characteristics associated with Al-humus complexes, such as strong acidity and high exchangeable Al content that impair agricultural productivity due to Al phytotoxicity. Thus, we focus on the role of Al-humus complexes in regulating aqueous Al 3+ solubility and release/retention kinetics, Al phytotoxicity, phosphorus dynamics, and suppression of soil-borne diseases. Knowledge of these soil properties as related to Al-humus complexes is necessary to develop effective soil management practices to assure sustainable agricultural productivity in non-allophanic Andosols. Finally, future research needs are identified concerning the role of Al-humus complexes in regulating soil biogeochemical processes.

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Section: Soil Borne Diseases and Microbial Processes In Non-allophanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature, properties and function of aluminum–humus complexes in volcanic soils

2016

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“…The levels of the above cations required to induce encystment are in the range of concentrations reported for soil solutions (Nye & Tinker, 1977), although the levels of NH,+ required for any effect on zoospore behaviour would not be expected in natural waters. Failure of A13+ to produce any effect on zoospore motility or viability argues against this ion playing a role in the disease distribution, although it has been shown that this ion does limit mycelial growth of the related P. capsici (Muchovej et al, 1980).…”

Section: Sol1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cations on Zoospores of the Fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi

1982

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Swimming zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi exposed to a range of ions were much more sensitive to cations than anions. One cation, Ca2+, induced zoospores to encyst and subsequently germinate, but most cations induced encystment only and were toxic at higher concentrations. In general, the sensitivity of zoospores to a cation increased with its charge density. At 0.3 FM, La3+ reduced the viability of a zoospore population to 50%, while Fe3+ (20 p~) and Mn2+ (50 p~) induced encystment with only a slight decrease in viability. The other divalent and monovalent cations tested (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Lit, Na+, K+, Cs+, NH,+) were effective in inducing encystment or reducing viability at higher concentrations. Each ion showed a distinctive concentration-response curve. Only F-and CH,COO-among the anions tested (Cl-, NO,-, F-, H,P0,2-, Sod2-, CH,COO-) had any effect on zoospores, and at 20 mM (pH 6-0) they reduced viability.The cysts (cystospores) of the fungus were generally less sensitive to cations than were swimming zoospores, and only Cs+ and K+ (50 mM) reduced viability to the same extent in each population. Both zoospores and cysts of this fungus had a broad tolerance to pH and temperature, but cysts were more resistant to low temperatures than were motile zoospores.

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“…It is assumed that these correlations are the result of an impeded water and nutrient uptake as a consequence of root damage caused by the pathogens. However, Phytophthora species are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, such as water availability [16], temperature [16] and soil chemistry [12,14,16,38,45,54]. In addition, various environmental factors may also affect the susceptibility of the trees to infection [19,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also wanted to evaluate if the root damage was related to the crown defoliation and mineral nutrition of the trees, and thereby elucidate whether this pathogen may contribute to oak decline in southern Sweden. Since acidificationinduced nutrient imbalances of trees have been discussed as a cause for tree decline in Sweden, and the asexual as well as sexual reproduction of Phytophthora species are known to be influenced by soil chemistry [12,14,16,38,54], we also wanted to investigate if the root damage caused by P. quercina was related to the chemical conditions in the soil surrounding the tree. A field study, comparing the root systems, the tree nutrient status and the soil chemistry between healthy, moderately declining and severely declining oak trees in five stands with P. quercina was thus conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

Ulrika

Rosengren

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Ten oak stands in southern Sweden were investigated to evaluate the impact of the root pathogen Phytophthora quercina on mature oaks under field conditions. Phytophthora quercina was present in five of the stands, while the other five stands were used as controls to verify the effect of the pathogen. In each stand, a healthy, a moderately declining and a severely declining tree were sampled. Fine-root length and nutrient status of each tree were analyzed, and the chemistry of the soil surrounding each tree was determined. The results showed that P. quercina can cause substantial reductions in the fine-root length of mature trees under natural conditions. The impact of the pathogen varied depending on tree vitality and season, being most pronounced for declining trees after an unusually dry summer. Despite the significant reduction in live fine-root length of declining trees in Phytophthora-infested stands, no consistent effects were found on the nutrient status of trees. Based on the significant impact of the pathogen on the fine-root systems of declining trees, we suggest that P. quercina contribute to oak decline in southern Sweden at the sites where it is present. No explanation is currently available for the decline of trees in non-infested stands, but the lack of symptoms of root damage indicate, together with the extensive root growth of declining trees, that root pathogens are not involved in the decline at these sites.Quercus robur / Phytophthora quercina / root vitality / soil chemistry / nutrient status Résumé -Phtytophthora quercina peut-il avoir un effet négatif sur les chênes pédonculés adultes en conditions de terrain ? Dix peuplements de chêne du sud de la Suède ont été examinés pour évaluer l'impact du pathogène racinaire Phytophthora quercina sur des chênes adultes en conditions de terrain. P. quercina était présent dans cinq peuplements, les cinq autres furent utilisés comme témoin des effets du pathogène. Dans chaque peuplement, un arbre sain, un arbre modérément dépérissant et un arbre très dépérissant ont été échantillonnés. La longueur des fines racines et le statut minéral de chaque arbre, ainsi que les caractéristiques chimiques du sol alentour ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont montré que P. quercina peut causer des réductions substantielles de la longueur des fines racines des arbres adultes dans les conditions de terrain. L'impact du pathogène varie selon la vitalité de l'arbre et la saison, avec des effets plus prononcés après un été particulièrement sec pour les arbres dépérissants. Malgré la réduction significative de la longueur des fines racines chez les arbres dépérissants dans les peuplements infectés par P. quercina, aucun réel effet n'a été trouvé sur le statut minéral des arbres. En nous appuyant sur l'impact significatif au niveau des fines racines, nous suggérons que P. quercina contribue au déclin des chênes dans le sud de la Suède.Quercus robur / Phytophthora quercina / vitalité des racines / caractères chimiques du sol / statut minéral

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Effect of Exchangeable Soil Aluminum and Alkaline Calcium Salts on the Pathogenicity and Growth ofPhytophthora capsicifrom Green Pepper

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Nature, properties and function of aluminum–humus complexes in volcanic soils

Nature, properties and function of aluminum–humus complexes in volcanic soils

The Effect of Cations on Zoospores of the Fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

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