Effect of Exercise Duration on Subsequent Appetite and Energy Intake in Obese Adolescent Girls

Abstract

There is a growing interest regarding the effect of exercise on appetite and energy intake in youth. While the role of exercise intensity has been a primary focus of study, the effect of exercise duration on subsequent food intake has not been fully examined in obese adolescents. On three separate mornings in a randomly assigned order, obese adolescent girls (n = 20) aged 12-15 years old were asked to perform a rest session (control, CON) or two cycling sessions for 20 (EX20) or 40 min (EX40) set at their ventilatory threshold. Absolute and relative energy intake were measured from an ad libitum lunch meal 30 min after rest or exercise and appetite feelings assessed using visual analogue scales throughout the day. Hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption were not significantly different between conditions. Absolute energy intake (kcal) did not differ between conditions, while relative energy intake on EX40 (571 ± 381 kcal) was significantly lower than during CON (702 ± 320 kcal; p < .05) and EX20 (736 ± 457 kcal; p < .05). Fat ingestion (in grams) was significantly lower on CON (7.8 ± 3.2 g) compared with EX20 (10.3 ± 4.6 g; p < .01). Protein intake (in grams) was higher on EX20 (37.0 ± 16.6 g) compared with both CON (29.5 ± 11.7 g; p < .01) and EX40 (33.1 ± 10.9 g; p < .05). However, the percentage of total energy derived from each macronutrient was not different between conditions. Obese adolescent girls do not compensate for an acute bout of exercise set at their ventilatory threshold by increasing energy intake, regardless of the exercise duration.

Post-moderate-intensity exercise energy replacement does not reduce subsequent appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity

“…The lack of modification in post-exercise absolute EI might be explained by the moderate intensity of the exercise bout. Indeed, while our results are in line with some studies using similar exercise intensities (28,29) , other studies conducted in similar populations reported reduced EI after single bouts of vigorous-intensity exercise (>70 % of maximal capacity) (10,30,31) . This anorexigenic effect of vigorous-intensity exercise in adolescents with obesity has been confirmed in a recent systematic review and metaanalysis (8) .…”

“…It has been shown previously in healthy weight boys and girls that ingestion of a mid-morning snack, both before acute exercise and an equivalent period or rest, suppressed hunger and prospective food consumption and elevated fullness compared with exercise and rest conditions with no snack provision (13) . The present study in adolescents with obesity observed no differences in any of the fasting, pre-meal or total daily appetite sensations after exercise inducing an energy deficit, supporting previous studies in adolescents with obesity (28,34) . Our findings extend the present evidence base by demonstrating that subjective appetite is not altered in adolescents with obesity when the Table 2.…”

“…It is also possible that the absence of EI modification after exercise with an energy deficit in the present study may reflect the delay between the exercise bout and the ad libitum lunch meal. Previous studies have typically provided an ad libitum test meal approximately 30 min after exercise cessation (28,31) , whereas the ad libitum lunch meal was provided 2 h after exercise in the present investigation. In this regard, Albert et al reported lower food intake after moderate-intensity exercise completed 30 min, but not 130 min, before a test meal in healthy weight adolescent boys (32) .…”

Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study

“…While most of the studies available so far have focused on the role of exercise characteristics on subsequent nutritional responses, such as its intensity (Thivel et al, 2011(Thivel et al, , 2012 or duration (Masurier et al, 2018;Tamam et al, 2012), only few have questioned its timing in relation to meals.…”

Appetite control and exercise: Does the timing of exercise play a role?

“…While the effects of exercise, depending on its duration [15,16], intensity [17][18][19], modality [20][21][22] or induced-energy expenditure [23] on the control and regulation of appetite and energy intake have received a lot of attention for the last decade, the impact of exercise-timing remains unclear. Since we recently suggested "Timing" as a third "T" to the FITT exercise prescription method (Frequency, Intensity, Time (duration), and Type of exercise) [1], it seems important to further question the potential effects of the timing of exercise on appetite control to optimize the impact of our interventions on both sides of the energy balance (expenditures and intake).…”