Effect of Exercise Intensity and Duration on Postexercise Executive Function

Tsukamoto, Hayato; Takenaka, Saki; Suga, Tadashi; Tanaka, Daichi; Takeuchi, Tatsuya; Hamaoka, Toshiyuki; Isaka, Tadao; Hashimoto, Takeshi

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001155

Cited by 56 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1A. Before the day of the experiment, the subjects performed the color-word Stroop task (CWST) (8) 10-15 times until the subject obtained consistent scores (19,22,24). Subsequently, their maximal workload (W max ) was determined to calculate the intensity required for the exercise protocols.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, HIIE may sufficiently facilitate neuronal activation and excitation levels to an extent that summation is facilitated and cognitive performance is improved (20,23,24). Thus, highervolume exercise with sufficient intensity and duration (e.g., HIIE) effectively prolongs the exercise-induced, improved EF, as compared with volume-matched, moderate-intensity continued exercise (22,24). As mentioned, HIIE is emerging as an alternative to current health-related exercise guidelines (30), but the impact of HIIE on the cerebral vasculature (30) and implications for cognitive function have not been established.…”

Section: A-v Diff Lactate Vs Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…high-intensity exercise the brain becomes dependent on lactate delivery (13,18), and repeated high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), which attenuates the increase in blood lactate, results in impaired maintenance of HIIEenhanced EF (19). Both cognitive tasks and exercise increase neuronal activity and energy demand (10,20,21), and high-volume exercise with sufficient intensity and duration prolongs the exercise-induced improvement in EF (22). In particular, HIIE may facilitate neuronal activation and excitation levels to an extent that summation is facilitated and cognitive performance is improved (20,23,24).…”

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Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

et al. 2018

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High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves cerebral executive function (EF), but the improvement in EF is attenuated after repeated HIIE, perhaps because of lower lactate availability for the brain. This investigation examined whether improved EF after exercise relates to brain lactate uptake. Fourteen healthy, male subjects performed 2 HIIE protocols separated by 60 min of rest. Blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular venous bulb and from the brachial artery to determine arterial-venous differences across the brain for lactate (a-v diff), glucose (a-v diff), oxygen (a-v diff), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a-v diff). EF was evaluated by the color-word Stroop task. The first HIIE improved EF for 40 min, whereas the second HIIE improved EF only immediately after exercise. The a-v diff was unchanged, whereas the a-v diff increased similarly after both HIIEs, and the a-v diff increased, but the increase was attenuated after the second HIIE, compared with the first HIIE ( P < 0.05). The EF after HIIE correlated with the a-v diff ( r = 0.62; P < 0.01). We propose that attenuated improvement in EF after repeated HIIE relates to reduced cerebral lactate metabolism and is, thereby, linked to systemic metabolism as an example of the lactate shuttle mechanism.-Hashimoto, T., Tsukamoto, H., Takenaka, S., Olesen, N. D., Petersen, L. G., Sørensen, H., Nielsen, H. B., Secher, N. H., Ogoh, S. Maintained exercise-enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A-v Diff Lactate Vs Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

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“…Specifically, CWST focuses on selective attention to specific information and the IC of a prepotent response during decision-making tasks involving stimuli and responses [ 1 , 29 ]. The CWST in the present study was programmed by modifying an Excel Visual Basic for Applications, as described in our previous studies [ 12 – 15 ]. We measured both reaction time and response accuracy using the CWST as previously described [ 12 – 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can improve several aspects of EF, especially inhibitory control (IC), in various populations [ 8 – 15 ]. Moreover, previous studies demonstrated that aerobic exercise-induced improvement of IC was related to enhanced neural activity in the brain [ 8 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An acute bout of localized resistance exercise can rapidly improve inhibitory control

et al. 2017

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The positive effect of acute resistance exercise on executive function, such as inhibitory control (IC), is poorly understood. Several previous studies have demonstrated this effect using whole-body resistance exercise. However, it remains unclear whether localized resistance exercise performed using only limited muscle groups could also acutely improve IC. Thus, the present study examined the effect of an acute bout of localized resistance exercise on IC. Twelve healthy men performed a color-word Stroop task (CWST) before and immediately after the experimental conditions, which consisted of 2 resistance exercises and a resting control (CON). Bilateral knee extension was used to create 2 resistance exercise conditions: light-intensity resistance exercise (LRE) and high-intensity resistance exercise (HRE) conditions, which were 40% and 80% of one-repetition maximum, respectively. The resistance exercise session was programmed for 6 sets with 10 repetitions per set. The CWST-measured IC was significantly improved immediately after both LRE and HRE, but it did not improve immediately after CON. However, the improved IC was significantly greater in HRE than in LRE. The present findings showed that IC could be rapidly improved by an acute bout of localized resistance exercise, especially with high-intensity. Therefore, we suggest that in addition to whole-body resistance exercise, localized resistance exercise performed using limited muscle groups may be sufficient for improving IC.

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Physical Activity and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Liu,

Liang,

Sit

2024

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceChildren and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders experience mental health issues and are encouraged to be brought together in real-life treatment. However, physical activity, which is a promising method for boosting mental health, has only been examined in children and adolescents with certain types of neurodevelopmental disorders.ObjectiveTo examine the association of physical activity interventions with mental health (ie, cognitive function, psychological well-being, internalizing, and externalizing problems) in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders and to identify possible moderators.Data SourcesStudies were searched from inception to May 2023 through Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials or nonrandomized designs applying physical activity interventions and reporting at least 1 mental health outcome in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years with neurodevelopmental disorders were included. Two independent reviewers selected and assessed the studies.Data Extraction and SynthesisRandom multilevel meta-analysis using Hedges g was performed. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted by multiple reviewers. Heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and moderator analysis were examined to substantiate the results.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were mental health related to cognitive function, psychological well-being, internalizing, or externalizing problems measured by neurocognitive tasks or subjective questionnaires.ResultsA total of 76 studies involving 3007 participants were included in systematic review, 59 of which were used for meta-analysis. The findings indicated that physical activity interventions were associated with significant benefits for overall mental health (g, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85), cognitive function (g, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.53-0.95), psychological well-being (g, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.16-0.96), internalizing (g, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.34-1.10), and externalizing problems (g, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28-0.89). Moderators were also identified: frequency, total sessions, and total duration for overall mental health; total sessions, and total duration for cognitive function; session duration and frequency for psychological well-being; physical activity type for internalizing problems; and session duration for externalizing problems. Moderator analyses showed that type of neurodevelopmental disorder did not modify the associations between physical activity and overall mental health or its subgroups.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings in this study suggest that children and adolescents with different types of neurodevelopmental disorders may be grouped together when performing physical activity interventions, which were confirmed to be beneficial to overall mental health and its subgroups in this new diagnostic population, but that physical activity interventions should be tailored when targeting different mental health domains.

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Effect of Exercise Intensity and Duration on Postexercise Executive Function

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

An acute bout of localized resistance exercise can rapidly improve inhibitory control

Physical Activity and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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