Effect of Exercise on 24-Month Weight Loss Maintenance in Overweight Women

Jakicic, John M.; Marcus, Bess H.; Lang, Wei; Janney, Carol A.

doi:10.1001/archinte.168.14.1550

Cited by 305 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, in accordance with the consensus that energy intake remains unresponsive to exercise in the short term, the daily energy balance response to exercise appears to be primarily determined by the energy cost of exercise. These findings support the concept that appetite and energy intake are primarily determined via oro-gastric, rather than metabolic mechanisms (51) , and also support the conclusions of recent training studies that the energy expenditure of exercise is the strongest predictor of fat loss during an exercise programme (66,67) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Creating an acute energy deficit without stimulating compensatory increases in appetite: is there an optimal exercise protocol?

Deighton

Stensel

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Recent years have witnessed significant interest from both the scientific community and the media regarding the influence of exercise on subsequent appetite and energy intake responses. This review demonstrates a consensus among the majority of scientific investigations that an acute bout of land-based endurance exercise does not stimulate any compensatory increases in appetite and energy intake on the day of exercise. Alternatively, preliminary evidence suggests that low volume, supramaximal exercise may stimulate an increase in appetite perceptions during the subsequent hours. In accordance with the apparent insensitivity of energy intake to exercise in the short term, the daily energy balance response to exercise appears to be primarily determined by the energy cost of exercise. This finding supports the conclusions of recent training studies that the energy expenditure of exercise is the strongest predictor of fat loss during an exercise programme. Physical activity: Energy balance: CompensationOverweight and obesity are defined by a BMI of 25-29·9 and 30 kg/m 2 or greater, respectively, and characterised by an excess accumulation of body fat. Recent decades have witnessed a global increase in BMI to the extent that 22·5 % of adults worldwide were estimated to be overweight in 2008, with an additional 11·8 % qualifying as obese (1) . These conditions are associated with an increased prevalence of several chronic diseases (2) , which has resulted in the classification of overweight and obesity as one of the top five global risk factors for mortality and one of the top ten risk factors for morbidity (3)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Creating an acute energy deficit without stimulating compensatory increases in appetite: is there an optimal exercise protocol?

Deighton

Stensel

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…They argue that since most industrialized populations were already relatively sedentary at the beginning of the obesity epidemic, it is unlikely that substantial decreases in intentional energy expenditure have occurred in the past 20 years (28) . Recent research also suggests that more than 60 min of moderate to intense physical activity is required per day to sustain modest weight loss, a goal that may not be attainable given the busy nature of modern lifestyles (34) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growing Canadian energy gap: more the can than the couch?

Slater

Green

Sevenhuysen

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study describes the trajectory of the energy gap (energy imbalance) in the Canadian population from 1976 to 2003, its temporal relationship to adult obesity, and estimates the relative contribution of energy availability and expenditure to the energy gap. It also assesses which foods contributed the most to changes in available energy over the study period. Design: Annual estimates of the energy gap were derived by subtracting population-adjusted per capita daily estimated energy requirements (derived from Dietary Reference Intakes) from per capita daily estimated energy available (obtained from food balance sheets). Food balance sheets were used to assess which foods contributed to changes in energy availability. Adult obesity rates were derived from six national surveys. The relationship to the energy gap was assessed through regression analysis. Results: Between 1976 and 2003, per capita daily estimated energy availability increased by 18 % (1744 kJ), and increased energy availability was the major driver of the increased energy gap. Salad oils, wheat flour, soft drinks and shortening accounted for the majority of the net increase in energy availability. Adult obesity was significantly correlated with the energy gap over the study period. Conclusions: The widening energy gap is being driven primarily by increased energy availability. The food commodities driving the widening energy gap are major ingredients in many energy-dense convenience foods, which are being consumed with increasing frequency in Canada. Policies to address population obesity must have a strong nutritional focus with the objective of decreasing energy consumption at the population level.

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“…It should be noted that the exercise in this intervention was not supervised and therefore adherence may play a factor in the magnitude of weight loss. Perhaps if exercise was supervised this trend may have become significant (Jakicic, Marcus, Lang, & Janney, 2008). To date, there are not many longterm weight maintenance studies investigating vigorous exercise, however, Jakicic et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition And Physical Activity Maintenance One Year After A 12-week Exercise Intervention In Women

Jarrett

Sawyer

Cabbage

et al. 2016

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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i ABSTRACT Purpose: Exercise interventions often result in less than predicted weight loss or even weight gain in some individuals, with over half of the weight lost usually regained within one year. The current study hypothesized that one year following a 12-week supervised exercise intervention, women who continued to exercise regularly but initially gained weight would lose the weight gained reverting back to baseline, or continue to lose weight if weight was initially lost. Conversely, those who discontinued purposeful exercise at the conclusion of the study were expected to continue to gain or regain weight.Methods: 24 women who completed the initial 12-week exercise intervention (90min/week of supervised treadmill walking at 70% VO 2peak ) participated in a follow-up study one year after the conclusion of the exercise intervention. Subjects underwent Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry at baseline, 12-weeks, and 15 months, and filled out physical activity questionnaires at 15 months.Results: A considerable amount of heterogeneity was observed in body weight and fat mass changes among subjects, but there was no significant overall change in weight or fat mass from baseline to follow-up. 15 women were categorized as compensators and as a group gained weight (+0.94±3.26kg) and fat mass (+0.22±3.25kg) compared to the nine non-compensators who lost body weight (-0.26±3.59kg) and had essentially no change in fat mass (+0.01±2.61kg) from 12-weeks to follow-up. There was a significant between group difference (p=.003) in change in fat mass from 12-weeks to follow-up between subjects who continued regular vigorous exercise (-2.205±3.070kg), and those who did not (+1.320 ±2.156kg). Additionally, energy compensation from ii baseline to 12-weeks and early body weight and composition changes during the intervention were moderate predictors of body weight and composition changes from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion:The main finding of this study is that following a 12-week supervised exercise intervention, women displayed a net loss of fat mass during the follow-up period if regular vigorous exercise was continued, regardless of whether they were classified as compensators or non-compensators during the initial intervention.iii

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Effect of Exercise on 24-Month Weight Loss Maintenance in Overweight Women

Cited by 305 publications

References 29 publications

Creating an acute energy deficit without stimulating compensatory increases in appetite: is there an optimal exercise protocol?

Creating an acute energy deficit without stimulating compensatory increases in appetite: is there an optimal exercise protocol?

The growing Canadian energy gap: more the can than the couch?

Body Composition And Physical Activity Maintenance One Year After A 12-week Exercise Intervention In Women

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