Numerous rehabilitation approaches have been attempted to improve the cognitive functions and quality of life (QOL) of elderly people with dementia. This chapter provides an outline of three major approaches that have been previously reported (music therapy, physical activity, and reminiscence therapy) and reviews their effectiveness. These approaches are typically used in clinical settings. However, the results of this review show that there is limited evidence to support the use of these approaches to improve cognition in older people with dementia. In addition, effective rehabilitation approaches for dementia still need to be established, and further high-quality research is needed. Finally, the author introduces a new approach for improving the cognitive functions of elderly people with dementia.