Effect of exercise on development of capillary supply and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle of horses

Rietbroek, Nancy J.; Dingboom, Elizabeth G.; Schuurman, Simon O; Wiel, Ellen Hengeveld-van der; Eizema, Karin; Everts, M. E.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.68.11.1226

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The age of the horses was not stated, but most likely they were mature because they were used in a college riding program before being enrolled in the study. The benefit on muscle, bone, tendon, and fitness development of horses kept all day on pasture compared to horses kept in stalls with reduced access or no access to free movement was documented by Rietbroek et al [33] and Voswinkel [34]. Both studies were conducted with growing horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Endurance of Untrained Five-Year-Old and Six-Year-Old Horses Raised in Multi-age Herds on Pasture

Brand¹,

Lindner²,

Gerhards

et al. 2021

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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The objective of this study was to examine the endurance of five-and six-year-old horses raised and kept close to natural living conditions and ridden for the first time well into their fifth year of age. Horses were submitted to a standardized exercise test (SET) to calculate their v4 (velocity run under defined conditions inducing 4 mmol/L of blood lactate concentration (LA)) and v180 (velocity run under defined conditions inducing a heart rate of 180 beats/min). The test consisted of up to five consecutive intervals at increasing speed until the blood LA of a horse increased above 4 mmol/L. The blood LA measured after each interval was plotted exponentially against running speed to derive v4 from the blood lactaterunning speed relationship, and the mean heart rate during the intervals was plotted linearly against running speed to derive v180 from the heart rate-running speed relationship. The following were examined: 1) the development of the endurance variables of five-year-old horses during one year through measurements in September and in the following July and September; the comparison of endurance variables 2) between five-and six-year-olds; 3) between six-year-olds on consecutive years; and 4) between six-year-olds and foreign horses. The results showed that: 1) there were no changes of either variable during one year (P > 0.05); 2) there were no significant differences between five-and six-year-olds (P > 0.05); 3) no significant differences between six-year-old groups (P > 005); and 4) foreign horses had higher v4 and v180 values than six-year-olds (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant relationship between v4 and v180 (n = 42; P > 0.05; r 2 = 0.02). In conclusion, one additional year on pasture in multi-age herds did not increase endurance variables of five-year-old horses. Thus, the endurance appeared to be consolidated in these horses at the age of five years and additional training seems to be necessary to increase it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Endurance of Untrained Five-Year-Old and Six-Year-Old Horses Raised in Multi-age Herds on Pasture

Brand¹,

Lindner²,

Gerhards

et al. 2021

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…Training increases oxidative capacity [57, 58] and horses with intense training schedules often receive supplementary feedings and spend less time at pasture. Moreover, horses are only used intensively for training from a certain age.…”

Section: Prevention Of Atypical Myopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Story of Equine Atypical Myopathy: A Review from the Beginning to a Possible End

Votion

2012

ISRN Veterinary Science

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Atypical myopathy (AM) is a frequently fatal seasonal pasture myopathy that emerges in Europe. Outbreaks are of an acute and unexpected nature and practitioners should be prepared to handle these critically ill patients. This review retraces the history of AM and describes results of epidemiological investigations that were conducted to raise hypotheses concerning the etiology of this devastating disease as well as to be able to suggest potential preventive measures. Also, clinical studies have contributed to a better definition and recognition of the syndrome, whereas elucidation of the pathological process, identified as a multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), was a great step forward improving medical management of AM and guiding the search for the etiological agent towards toxins that reproduce the identified defect. Treatment plans can be extrapolated from the described clinical signs and metabolic problems, but they remain limited to supportive care until the causative agent has been identified with certainty. Since treatment is still unsuccessful in the majority of cases, the main emphasis is currently still on prevention. This paper aims at being a practical support for equine clinicians dealing with AM and is based on discussion and comparison of the currently available scientific data.

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“…The baseline muscular capillarization level depends on different parameters such as muscle fiber type, muscle fiber CSA, oxidative capacity, and metabolic environment (23,24). Physiologically, it is interesting to notice that in both humans (25)(26)(27)(28) and horses (4,24,(29)(30)(31) Finally, also mitochondrial plasticity occurs following training (32,33). However, unlike capillarization, the observed mitochondrial plasticity seems to depend on the type of imposed exercise (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Shifts in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Parameters in Horses in Three Different Muscles, in Answer to 8 Weeks of Harness Training

et al. 2021

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Training-induced follow-up of multiple muscle plasticity parameters in postural stability vs. locomotion muscles provides an integrative physiological view on shifts in the muscular metabolic machinery. It can be expected that not all muscle plasticity parameters show the same expression time profile across muscles. This knowledge is important to underpin results of metabolomic studies. Twelve non-competing Standardbred mares were subjected to standardized harness training. Muscle biopsies were taken on a non-training day before and after 8 weeks. Shifts in muscle fiber type composition and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were compared in the m. pectoralis, the m. vastus lateralis, and the m. semitendinosus. In the m. vastus lateralis, which showed most pronounced training-induced plasticity, two additional muscle plasticity parameters (capillarization and mitochondrial density) were assessed. In the m. semitendinosus, additionally the mean minimum Feret's diameter was assessed. There was a significant difference in baseline profiles. The m. semitendinosus contained less type I and more type IIX fibers compatible with the most pronounced anaerobic profile. Though no baseline fiber type-specific and overall mean CSA differences could be detected, there was a clear post-training decrease in fiber type specific CSA, most pronounced for the m. vastus lateralis, and this was accompanied by a clear increase in capillary supply. No shifts in mitochondrial density were detected. The m. semitendinosus showed a decrease in fiber type specific CSA of type IIAX fibers and a decrease of type I fiber Feret's diameter as well as mean minimum Feret's diameter. The training-induced increased capillary supply in conjunction with a significant decrease in muscle fiber CSA suggests that the muscular machinery models itself toward an optimal smaller individual muscle fiber structure to receive and process fuels that can be swiftly delivered by the circulatory system. These results are interesting in view of the recently identified important fuel candidates such as branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and gut microbiome-related xenobiotics, which need a rapid gut–muscle gateway to reach these fibers and are less challenging for the mitochondrial system. More research is needed with that respect. Results also show important differences between muscle groups with respect to baseline and training-specific modulation.

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Effect of exercise on development of capillary supply and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle of horses

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Measurement of Endurance of Untrained Five-Year-Old and Six-Year-Old Horses Raised in Multi-age Herds on Pasture

Measurement of Endurance of Untrained Five-Year-Old and Six-Year-Old Horses Raised in Multi-age Herds on Pasture

The Story of Equine Atypical Myopathy: A Review from the Beginning to a Possible End

Comparison of Shifts in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Parameters in Horses in Three Different Muscles, in Answer to 8 Weeks of Harness Training

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