Effect Of Exercise on Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, Bone Mass, Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Community Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

González-Rocha, Alejandra; Mendez-Sanchez, Lucia; Ortiz-Rodríguez, María Araceli; Denova‐Gutiérrez, Edgar

doi:10.14336/ad.2022.0215

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Muscle strengthening activity, restricted calorie intake, sufficient nutrient intake, and circadian rhythms could be the controllable factors for routine management [38, 39] . Our findings enforce the importance of interventions, as healthy BMI and muscle strengthening activity may improve skeletal muscle mass and quality for diabetic individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Risk of Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: NHANES 1999–2018

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Recent studies suggested that sarcopenia may be a significant comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM). Nonetheless, studies with nationally representative data are scarce, and the changing trend of sarcopenia prevalence over time is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of sarcopenia in diabetic and non-diabetic United States (US) older population, and to explore the potential predictors of sarcopenia as well as the trend of sarcopenia prevalent in the past decades. Methods: Data was retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sarcopenia and DM were defined according to corresponding diagnosis criteria. Weighted prevalence was calculated and compared between diabetic and non-diabetic participants. The differences among age and ethnicity groups were explored. Results: A total of 6381 US adults (>50 years) were involved. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 17.8% for US elders, and the prevalence was higher (27.9% vs. 15.7%) in those with diabetes ones than those without. Stepwise regression revealed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with DM (Adjusted odds ratio=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.22; P<0.05) after controlling for potential confounders including gender, age, ethnicity, educational level, BMI and muscle strengthening activity. A slightly fluctuate but overall increasing trend of sarcopenia prevalence was observed among diabetic elders while no obvious changing trend was observed in their counterparts in recent decades. Conclusion: Diabetic US older adults face significantly higher risk of sarcopenia when compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. Gender, age, ethnicity, educational level and obesity were important influencing factors of sarcopenia development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Risk of Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: NHANES 1999–2018

et al. 2023

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“…Besides inducing nerve remodeling, exercise can significantly improve the balance and coordination ability of stroke patients. Exercise also plays an indispensable role in the psychological, spiritual, emotional, and other aspects of patients as it enables them to directly participate and to observe measurable changes in their rehabilitative progress 3,23,24 . Therefore, it is worthwhile to discern treatment regimens that are complimentary to the exercise‐based rehabilitation treatment framework.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we choose RIC initiated at 6 h after reperfusion for neuroprotection that reduces brain injury and thus optimizes the tissue environment for further neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation induced by the following exercise 15,20–22 . Additionally, exercise would improve balance and coordination, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and endurance in stroke patients compared with RIC 3,23,24 . Taken together, we proposed a novel model of post‐stroke rehabilitation, which combined RIC with sequential exercise for better neurorehabilitation 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 Additionally, exercise would improve balance and coordination, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and endurance in stroke patients compared with RIC. 3 , 23 , 24 Taken together, we proposed a novel model of post‐stroke rehabilitation, which combined RIC with sequential exercise for better neurorehabilitation. 25 Studies have demonstrated that exercise or RIC decreased brain injury, and promoted synaptogenesis and angiogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel stroke rehabilitation strategy and underlying stress granule regulations through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveDynamic changes in ischemic pathology after stroke suggested a “critical window” of enhanced neuroplasticity immediately after stroke onset. Although physical exercise has long been considered a promising strategy of stroke rehabilitation, very early physical exercise may exacerbate brain injury. Since remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) promotes neuroprotection and neuroplasticity, the present study combined RIC with sequential exercise to establish a new rehabilitation strategy for a better rehabilitative outcome.MethodsA total of 120 adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used and divided into five groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke with exercise, (4) stroke with RIC, and (5) stroke with RIC followed by exercise. Brain damage was evaluated by infarct volume, neurological deficit, cell death, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Long‐term functional outcomes were determined by grid walk tests, rotarod tests, beam balance tests, forelimb placing tests, and the Morris water maze. Neuroplasticity was evaluated through measurements of both mRNA and protein levels of synaptogenesis (synaptophysin [SYN], post‐synaptic density protein‐95 [PSD‐95], and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], angiopoietin‐1 [Ang‐1], and angiopoietin‐2 [Ang‐2]). Inflammasome activation was measured by concentrations of interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) and IL‐1β detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, mRNA expressions of NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a C‐terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), IL‐18 and IL‐1β, and protein quantities of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved‐caspase‐1, gasdermin D‐N (GSDMD‐N), and IL‐18 and IL‐1β. Stress granules (SGs), including GTPase‐activating protein‐binding protein 1 (G3BP1), T cell‐restricted intracellular antigen‐1 (TIA1), and DEAD‐box RNA helicase 3X (DDX3X) were evaluated at mRNA and protein levels. The interactions between DDX3X with NLRP3 or G3BP1 were determined by immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsEarly RIC decreased infarct volumes, neurological deficits, cell death, and LDH activity at post‐stroke Day 3 (p < 0.05). All treatment groups showed significant improvement in functional outcomes, including sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. RIC and exercise, as compared to RIC or physical exercise alone, had improved functional outcomes after stroke (p < 0.05), as well as synaptogenesis and angiogenesis (p < 0.05). RIC significantly reduced mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3 (p < 0.05). SGs formation peaked at 0 h after ischemia, then progressively decreased until 24 h postreperfusion, which was reversed by RIC (p < 0.05). The assembly of SGs consumed DDX3X and then inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation.ConclusionsRIC followed by exercise induced a better rehabilitation in ischemic rats, while early RIC alleviated ischemia‐reperfusion injury via stress‐granule‐mediated inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.

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“…First, we acknowledged that physical activity plays a crucial role in influencing AGEs and sarcopenia. Increased physical activity levels can lower AGEs ( 31 , 32 ) and enhance muscle mass and strength to mitigate sarcopenia ( 33 , 34 ). To address possible reverse causality, we examined whether the association would change when participants with lower levels of physical activity were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Advanced Glycation End Products and Sarcopenia: The Mediating Role of Osteoporosis

Zhang,

Chen,

et al. 2023

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of molecules formed through nonenzymatic reactions. These compounds are associated with several age-related diseases, including sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Objective This work aimed to investigate the relationships between AGEs, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1991 older adults aged 72.37 ± 5.90 years from China. AGE levels were measured by the AGE Reader device. Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and osteoporosis was diagnosed based on a T score of less than −2.5. Sarcopenia was defined as loss of muscle mass plus loss of muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance. Presarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass with normal muscle strength and normal physical performance. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18.5%, and that of osteoporosis was 40.5%. Compared to the lowest AGE quartile, the highest AGE quartile showed a significant association with sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 2.42; 95% CI, 1.60-3.66) (P for trend <.001), but not with presarcopenia. Per-SD increase in AGE was associated with higher odds of sarcopenia (OR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.26-1.66). Additionally, in the mediation analysis, when AGEs were treated as a continuous variable (the mediation effect is denoted by Za*Zb = 18.81; 95% CI, 8.07-32.32]—the 95% CI does not contain zero, representing a significant mediating effect) or a categorical variable (the mediating effect is expressed as Zmediation = 3.01 > 1.96, which represents a significant mediating effect), osteoporosis played a partial mediating role in the association between AGEs and sarcopenia. Conclusion Elevated AGEs are associated with sarcopenia but not with presarcopenia. This association was partially mediated by osteoporosis.

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Effect Of Exercise on Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, Bone Mass, Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Community Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Higher Risk of Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: NHANES 1999–2018

Higher Risk of Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: NHANES 1999–2018

A novel stroke rehabilitation strategy and underlying stress granule regulations through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Association Between Advanced Glycation End Products and Sarcopenia: The Mediating Role of Osteoporosis

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