Effect of exercise on spontaneous calorie intake in obesity

Woo, Rosy; Garrow, J. S.; Pi‐Sunyer, F. Xavier

doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.3.470

Cited by 108 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the particular subjects of this study, exercise costing more than 700 kcal/d may be close to the maximum PA level that could be accomplished on a habitual basis. 47 Nevertheless, this study indicates that unlike obese subjects, who do not match their energy intakes to energy expended through PA, lean subjects demonstrate an increase in energy intake and insignificant changes in body mass when exercised on a long-term basis. It is hypothesized that the absence of an increase in energy intake when increasing expenditure in obese subjects is based on their excess energy stores in the form of adipose tissue.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The effect of exercise on spontaneous energy intake in obesity was studied by Woo et al 47 as well. In their study, six obese women were hospitalized as a part of a metabolic experiment.…”

Section: Effects Of Long-term Exercise On Food Intake In Lean and Obementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to clarify the effect of exercise-related factors on the energy intake of normal-weight individuals, non-obese women were studied using the same protocol 47 as previously in comparable environments. 3 Thus, five non-obese women underwent three 19-day treatment periods in which PA was modified.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of physical activity on food intake

Melzer¹,

Kayser²,

Saris³

et al. 2005

Clinical Nutrition

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SummaryThe understanding of the effect of physical activity (PA) on food intake is imperative for considering PA as an additional tool for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Prolonged strenuous PA performed on a regular basis causes an increase in overall energy turnover, and leads either to loss of body weight, or to an increased food intake. When leading to loss of body weight, PA may be used as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of obesity. When increasing food intake to compensate for increased energy expenditure and maintaining body weight, PA, by increasing intake of other constituents of food like minerals and vitamins, may contribute to micronutrient deficiency coverage. However, the type of activity, as well as body composition of the individuals engaging in sport, play an important role in food intake regulation and its changes with time. Some studies indicate that shortterm exercise does not have the same effect on food intake as long-term exercise and that eventual increase in food intake due to increased PA does not follow the same pattern in obese as in lean individuals. To better understand the relationship between PA on food intake, current findings on this topic will be summarized in this paper.

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The effect of exercise on spontaneous energy intake in obesity was studied by Woo et al 47 as well. In their study, six obese women were hospitalized as a part of a metabolic experiment.…”

Section: Effects Of Long-term Exercise On Food Intake In Lean and Obementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of physical activity on food intake

Melzer¹,

Kayser²,

Saris³

et al. 2005

Clinical Nutrition

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“…11 Two clinical studies reported a compensatory relationship, such that obese and sedentary individuals increased their caloric intake to compensate for increased exercise, 22,23 whereas other clinical studies found no increases in intake with increased exercise. 24,25 Here, too, gender differences may exist with respect to the interaction of behaviors. Women have been shown in clinical studies to compensate for energy expenditure by increasing their energy intake to a greater extent than men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess the independence of changes made in diet and physical activity for weight loss; and, to examine the comparative and cumulative effects of these behavioral changes on weight loss outcomes. Design: The observational study is based on longitudinal data collected from 674 women and 288 men enrolled in a 2-year weight loss program introduced into a managed care setting. Measurements: The outcome variable was body mass index (BMI) change from baseline to 2-year follow-up. Primary independent variables were changes in physical activity and dietary fat intake, assessed as continuous measures using the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire and Block Fat Screener Questionnaire, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA was used to assess the relative effect on BMI of behavioral changes. Results: Study results showed no preference for diet or physical activity change as a weight loss strategy. For both genders, the relationship between the two behaviors was synergistic rather than compensatory. Examination of the comparative benefits of behavioral changes indicated that, for women and men, restricting fat intake was more effective than increasing exercise for weight loss. While fat restrictions alone contributed to weight loss in both genders, exercise alone provided weight loss benefits to men, only. The cumulative effect of weight loss behaviors varied by gender. In women, an interaction was observed. The response of weight to fat restriction was greater among those who increased their exercise moderately or substantially. In men, there was no interaction; exercise increases helped to offset weight gain or provided small weight loss benefits at all levels of dietary fat change. Conclusion: Dietary changes appeared to be more effective than increased physical activity for weight loss. For women, the cumulative effect of concomitant changes in diet and exercise on weight loss was more than additive.

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“…With these considerations in mind the present study is one of a series aimed at building on previous work in this area (Moore et al, 2000, Woo et al, 1982Woo & Pi-Sunyer, 1985;King et al, 1996King et al, , 1997bFlemming et al, 2001, Imbeault et al, 1997, in assessing the relationship between EI and expenditure during exercise interventions in ad libitum feeding subjects. There have recently been a number of shortterm exercise interventions lasting 1 -2 days (King et al, 1996(King et al, , 1997b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living men, consuming their normal diet

Stubbs¹,

Sepp²,

Hughes³

et al. 2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

137

108

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Objective: To assess the effect of graded increases in exercised-induced energy expenditure (EE) on appetite, energy intake (EI), total daily EE and body weight in men living in their normal environment and consuming their usual diets. Design: Within-subject, repeated measures design. Six men (mean (s.d.) age 31.0 (5.0) y; weight 75.1 (15.96) kg; height 1.79 (0.10) m; body mass index (BMI) 23.3(2.4) kg=m 2 ), were each studied three times during a 9 day protocol, corresponding to prescriptions of no exercise, (control) (Nex; 0 MJ=day), medium exercise level (Mex; $ 1.6 MJ=day) and high exercise level (Hex; $ 3.2 MJ=day). On days 1 -2 subjects were given a medium fat (MF) maintenance diet (1.6 Â resting metabolic rate (RMR)). Measurements: On days 3 -9 subjects self-recorded dietary intake using a food diary and self-weighed intake. EE was assessed by continual heart rate monitoring, using the modified FLEX method. Subjects' HR (heart rate) was individually calibrated against submaximal VO 2 during incremental exercise tests at the beginning and end of each 9 day study period. Respiratory exchange was measured by indirect calorimetry. Subjects completed hourly hunger ratings during waking hours to record subjective sensations of hunger and appetite. Body weight was measured daily. Results: EE amounted to 11.7, 12.9 and 16.8 MJ=day (F(2,10) ¼ 48.26; P < 0.001 (s.e.d ¼ 0.55)) on the Nex, Mex and Hex treatments, respectively. The corresponding values for EI were 11.6, 11.8 and 11.8 MJ=day (F(2,10) ¼ 0.10; P ¼ 0.910 (s.e.d. ¼ 0.10)), respectively. There were no treatment effects on hunger, appetite or body weight, but there was evidence of weight loss on the Hex treatment. Conclusion: Increasing EE did not lead to compensation of EI over 7 days. However, total daily EE tended to decrease over time on the two exercise treatments. Lean men appear able to tolerate a considerable negative energy balance, induced by exercise, over 7 days without invoking compensatory increases in EI.

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Effect of exercise on spontaneous calorie intake in obesity

Cited by 108 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of physical activity on food intake

Effects of physical activity on food intake

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living men, consuming their normal diet

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