Effect of Exercise on Systolic Left Ventricular Outflow Velocity in Healthy Adults

Baseline Predictors of Dynamic Obstruction During Stress Echocardiogram: The Importance of Ventricular Anatomy and Body Surface Area

“…On the other hand, findings obtained from the group of healthy individuals are consistent with those from another series of physical stress echocardiography, 6 which seems to rule out high intraventricular gradients as a normal response to stress with dobutamine or to exercise in healthy subjects.…”

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient Provoked by Upright Position or Exercise in Treated Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy without Obstruction at Rest

“…The LVOT gradient was measured using continuous‐wave Doppler ultrasound and a value of ≥30 mmHg was considered significant. As in the previous studies, 5,10 care was taken to report only those gradients derived from Doppler velocity profiles typical of subaortic obstruction that avoided contamination by the mitral regurgitation jet.…”

“…Stress‐induced left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is provoked by adrenergic stimulation, pharmacologically by dobutamine 1,2 or physiologically by exercise 3–5 . This phenomenon was observed in patients with 6–9 and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) 1–4,10 .…”

Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Identifies Patients with Angina and Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in Physiological Exercise

“…The development of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (DLVOTO) in the absence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress echocardiography, described by Pellika et al 1 in 1992, has been associated with hypotension, 2 angina, 3 and exertional dyspnea. 4 Although the onset of this phenomenon during effort is not usual in healthy persons, 5 it has been reported during exercise echocardiography in patients with angina or exertional dyspnea with no structural heart disease or any evidence of coronary artery disease. [6][7][8] In both these situations, it may lessen or disappear, in parallel with the symptoms, when the patients are treated with beta-blockers.…”

“…4 Although the onset of this phenomenon during effort is not usual in healthy persons, 5 it has been reported during exercise echocardiography in patients with angina or exertional dyspnea with no structural heart disease or any evidence of coronary artery disease. [6][7][8] In both these situations, it may lessen or disappear, in parallel with the symptoms, when the patients are treated with betablockers.…”