Effect of exogenous Brassinolide (BR) application on the morphology, hormone status, and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Mao, Jiangping; Zhang, Dong; Li, Ké; Liu, Zhen; Liu, Xiaojie; Song, Chunhui; Li, Guofang; Zhao, Caiping; Ma, Junsheng; Han, Mingyu

doi:10.1007/s10725-017-0264-5

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Details for the hydroponic culture are provided in Mao et al . (2017). For screening, 30 seedlings were treated with three concentrations of 6‐BA (0.088, 0.44 and 2.2 µ m ) for 28 days, plus an untreated control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine application affects root morphology by altering hormone status and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Mao

Niu

et al. 2020

Plant Biol. J.

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Malus hupehensis is an extensively used apple rootstock in China. In the current study, M. hupehensis seedlings were treated with exogenous 2.2 µm 6‐benzyladenine (6‐BA) so as to investigate the mechanism by which 6‐BA affects lateral root development. The results indicate that 6‐BA treatment promotes elongation and thickening of both root and shoot in M. hupehensis, but reduces the number of lateral roots, as well as reducing the auxin level after 6‐BA treatment. Moreover, MhAHK4, MhRR1 and MhRR2 were also significantly up‐regulated in response to 6‐BA treatment. Expression levels of auxin synthesis‐ and transport‐related genes, such as MhYUCCA6, MhYUCCA10, MhPIN1 and MhPIN2, were down‐regulated, which corresponds with lower auxin levels in the 6‐BA‐treated seedlings. A negative regulator of auxin, MhIAA3, was induced by 6‐BA treatment, leading to reduced expression of MhARF7 and MhARF19 in 6‐BA‐treated seedlings. As a result, expression of MhWOX11, MhWOX5, MhLBD16 and MhLBD29 was blocked, which in turn inhibited lateral root initiation. In addition, a lower auxin level decreased expression of MhRR7 and MhRR15, which repressed expression of key transcription factors associated with root development, thus inhibiting lateral root development. In contrast, 6‐BA treatment promoted secondary growth (thickening) of the root by inducing expression of MhCYCD3;1 and MhCYCD3;2. Collectively, the changes in hormone levels and gene expression resulted in a reduced number of lateral roots and thicker roots in 6‐BA‐treated plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the number of lateral roots, seedling height and stem diameter were calculated as in Mao et al . (2017). After the application of 2.2 µ m 6‐BA (Nagel et al, 2001), samples of lateral roots of seedlings were collected at six time points: 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, with three biological replicates at each time point.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine application affects root morphology by altering hormone status and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Mao

Niu

et al. 2020

Plant Biol. J.

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“…As for GA3, this compound was discovered in the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi (Hedden and Sponsel 2015), but later its occurrence was proven in plants, for example, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus pinaster, Malus hupehensis, and Triticum aestivum (Fernández et al 1997;Delatorre et al 2017;Mao et al 2017;Janeczko et al 2018). Mao et al (2017) even found that treatment of Malus hupehensis apple seedlings with brassinolide decreases GA3 content in comparison to untreated plants. No changes were noted in the GA3 level in BW312 in comparison to Bowman.…”

Section: Gibberellinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutations in the HvDWARF, HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes-Involved in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis/Signalling: Altered Photosynthetic Efficiency, Hormonal Homeostasis and Tolerance to High/Low Temperatures in Barley

Sadura

Pociecha

Dziurka

et al. 2019

J Plant Growth Regul

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Brassinosteroids (BR) are steroid phytohormones that are involved in the growth and stress response in plants, but the precise mechanisms of their action are still being discovered. In our study we have used BR-deficient barley mutants 522DK and BW084 (which carry missense mutations in the HvDWARF and HvCPD genes, respectively). We have also used a BR-signalling mutant that harbors missense substitutions in the HvBRI1 gene. Our aim was (1) to find out if the content of phytohormones in the mutants grown at 20 °C is different than in the wild types and whether/how the content of phytohormones changes after plant acclimation at temperatures of 5 °C and 27 °C?, (2) to characterise the effectiveness of the light reactions of photosynthesis of the barley mutants in comparison to wild types at various temperatures, and (3) to verify the impact of mutations on the tolerance of barley to high and low temperatures. Hormonal characteristics of the BR mutants of barley show the complexity of the interactions between BR and other plant hormones that are additionally modified by temperature and possibly by other factors. The results suggest the participation of BR in auxin catabolism. Further, BR appears to play a role in maintaining the ABA-ABAGlc balance. As for the gibberellin content in plants at a temperature of 20 °C, more in-depth studies will be required to explain the contradictory effects regarding the accumulation of GA3, GA4 and GA5, which appears to be dependent on the type of mutation and connected to the BR level. A fast-kinetic chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis has revealed that the mutants had lower values of energy absorption than the wild types, but the values of the energy transferred via the electron-transport chain was maintained at the wild-type level. We presumed that BR are involved in regulating plant acclimation to extreme (low/high) temperatures, thus the BR-deficient and BR-signalling mutants should be less tolerant to low/high temperatures when compared to the wild types. Unexpectedly, all of the mutants showed a higher tolerance to high temperatures than the wild types. The BW084 and BW312 mutants were less tolerant to frost than the wild type, but 522DK had a similar frost tolerance as the reference wild-type cultivar.

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“…Seedlings grown in MS medium containing low concentrations of BL (1-100 nM) exhibited an increased number of lateral roots in Arabidopsis [55]. BR has also been demonstrated to play an important regulatory role in lateral root development in apple and other species [50,51,56]. In our study, we detected the BL contents in the roots of the transgenic lines and the control tobacco and pear plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In soybean, applying exogenous BL could promote stem growth and adventitious rooting and increase soybean tolerance to drought stress [47][48][49]. In the woody plant apple, it was reported that exogenous BL could promote stem growth and increase lateral root development in Malus hupehensis seedlings [50]. In our study, to observe the effect of exogenous BL on the growth of pears, we added 0.5 mg/L BL to normal MS medium and rooting medium (1/2 MS) for Pyrus ussuriensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PcDWF1, a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene homologous to AtDWARF1, affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants

et al. 2020

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Background: The steroidal hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth and development. The pathway and genes involved in BR biosynthesis have been identified primarily in model plants like Arabidopsis, but little is known about BR biosynthesis in woody fruits such as pear. Results: In this study, we found that applying exogenous brassinolide (BL) could significantly increase the stem growth and rooting ability of Pyrus ussuriensis. PcDWF1, which had a significantly lower level of expression in the dwarf-type pear than in the standard-type pear, was cloned for further analysis. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PcDWF1 was a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene that was homologous to AtDWARF1. The subcellular localization analysis indicated that PcDWF1 was located in the plasma membrane. Overexpression of PcDWF1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) plants promoted the growth of the stems, which was caused by a larger cell size and more developed xylem than those in the control plants, and the rooting ability was significantly enhanced. In addition to the change in vegetative growth, the tobacco plants overexpressing PcDWF1 also had a delayed flowering time and larger seed size than did the control tobacco plants. These phenotypes were considered to result from the higher BL contents in the transgenic lines than in the control tobacco and pear plants. Conclusions: Taken together, these results reveal that the pear BR biosynthetic gene PcDWF1 affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of Pyrus ussuriensis and Nicotiana tabacum and could be characterized as an important BR biosynthetic gene in perennial woody fruit plants.

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Effect of exogenous Brassinolide (BR) application on the morphology, hormone status, and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Cited by 39 publications

References 58 publications

Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine application affects root morphology by altering hormone status and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine application affects root morphology by altering hormone status and gene expression of developing lateral roots in Malus hupehensis

Mutations in the HvDWARF, HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes-Involved in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis/Signalling: Altered Photosynthetic Efficiency, Hormonal Homeostasis and Tolerance to High/Low Temperatures in Barley

PcDWF1, a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene homologous to AtDWARF1, affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants

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