Effect of exposition to chlorpyrifos upon plasmatic cholinesterases, hematology and blood biochemistry values in Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae)

Differences in plasmatic butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) values between Pacific and Caribbean populations of terciopelo (Bothrops asper) in Costa Rica

“…Exposure to organophosphate insecticides have an effect in BChE plasmatic activity in reptiles (Fossi et al., 1995; Sánchez et al., 1997; Khan, 2003; Schmidt, 2003; Bain et al., 2004; Mitchelmore et al., 2006), including B. asper (Arguedas et al., 2018). Although Arguedas et al. (2018) reported significant inhibition of BChE values when B .…”

“…Mechanisms from which this species can be intoxicated deserve further investigation, but due to its terrestrial habits, the most likely way of exposure is dermic by soil contact (either by bioaccumulation or runoff waters) or by aerial dispersal of insecticides. Moreover, organic pesticides can adhere and be retained at the organic matter through 26 weeks (Badii and Varela, 2008) and dermic absorption of OP compound has been demonstrated in B. asper (Arguedas et al., 2018). Therefore, a non-destructive method to determine whether the snakes have been in contact with OPs is needed to assess their health and the inhibition of cholinesterase activity has been tested as a biomarker in ecotoxicology studies using terciopelo snakes (Arguedas et al., 2018).…”

“…It has been demonstrated that BChE activity can be inhibited in B. asper when exposed to organophosphate compounds (Arguedas et al., 2018). Nonetheless, the inhibition itself should not be considered as an indicator of exposure, mainly because natural BChE levels are highly variable and might be influenced by factors such as circadian cycles, sex, species, age and the route of exposure to the toxic (Basso et al., 2012).…”

“…In addition to BChE evaluation, a clinical assessment should be performed in the animals to obtain the most valuable information regarding the health status of the snakes (Gómez et al., 2016; Arguedas et al., 2018). Thus, complete hematology analysis and at least some biochemical analytes such as albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total protein (TP) content, should be tested (Gómez et al., 2016).…”

Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos raises serum urea level and causes abnormal sperm morphology in Wistar rats

“…Although some studies reported no change in sperm motility and sperm morphology at any of the dose level used, it was observed that there was a decrease in sperm counts at a high dose [13]. There is an evident that chlorpyrifos causes changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters in experimental animals [14,15]. Pesticide exposure has also been associated with elevation of cancer risks, and reproductive dysfunctions in agricultural workers [16].…”