Effect of Exposure to e-Cigarettes With Salt vs Free-Base Nicotine on the Appeal and Sensory Experience of Vaping

Leventhal, Adam M.; Madden, Danielle R.; Peraza, Natalia; Schiff, Sara J; Lebovitz, Lucas; Whitted, Lauren; Barrington‐Trimis, Jessica L.; Mason, Tyler B.; Anderson, Marissa K.; Tackett, Alayna P.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32757

Cited by 120 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Of special interest were effects such as mouth and throat irritation. Nicotine salt formulations are actually applied to alleviate the irritative effects of high nicotine contents in e-cigarette liquids 45 , 46 . In the present study, no notable differences were detected between groups in terms of irritative effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine delivery and relief of craving after consumption of European JUUL e-cigarettes prior and after pod modification

Mallock

Rabenstein

Gernun

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The emergence of e-cigarettes on the consumer market led to a tremendous rise in e-cigarette consumption among adolescents in the United States. The success of JUUL and other pod systems was linked to its high nicotine delivery capacity. In compliance with the European Tobacco Product directive, liquid nicotine contents in the European JUUL variants are limited to 20 mg/mL or below. A short time after launching the initial version in Europe, JUUL pods have been modified in terms of the wick material used. This modification has been demonstrated previously to lead to an elevated aerosol generation, consequently, to a larger amount of nicotine per puff generated. The present study was designed to assess whether the mentioned differences between the “initial” and “modified” JUUL versions may cause a significant difference during consumption, and how nicotine delivery compares with tobacco cigarettes. In this single-center three-arm study, nicotine pharmacokinetics and influence on urge to smoke/vape were compared for tobacco cigarettes, the “initial” version of the European JUUL, and the “modified” version of the European JUUL. Participants, 15 active smokers and 17 active e-cigarette users, were instructed to consume their study product according to a pre-directed puffing protocol. Venous blood was sampled for nicotine analysis to cover the acute phase and the first 30 min after starting. Nicotine delivery and the reduction of urge to smoke/vape upon usage of both European JUUL variants were lower in comparison to tobacco cigarettes. This suggests a lower addictive potential. Modification of the pod design did not result in significant differences at the first ten puffs, as confirmed by a vaping machine experiment. Apparently, the limitations by the initially used wick material only come into effect after longer usage time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine delivery and relief of craving after consumption of European JUUL e-cigarettes prior and after pod modification

Mallock

Rabenstein

Gernun

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…This trend could be in part explained by the higher frequency of nicotine-salt based products post 2018 which on average appear to contain a lower number of chemicals. Nicotine-salts are perceived to provide a less harsh and smoother sensory experience for the product users ( Leventhal et al, 2021 ), thus it is likely they require less flavouring agents to mask the sensory experience normally associated with free-base nicotine products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Characterization of Vaping Liquids in Canada: Chemical Profiles and Trends

et al. 2021

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Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the diversity of chemicals present in vaping liquids. To address this gap, a non-targeted analysis of 825 vaping liquids collected between 2017 and 2019 from Canadian retailers was conducted. Prior to mass spectrometry analysis, samples were diluted 1:500 v/v with methanol or acetonitrile. Chemical compound separation and analysis was carried out using gas chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) systems operated in the full scan mode and mass range of 35–450 m/z. Mass spectrum for each sample was obtained in electron ionization at 70 eV and processed. Non-targeted identification workflow included use of automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system (AMDIS), where required, as well as a number of commercially available spectral libraries. In order to validate identities, an in-house database of expected compounds previously detected in vaping liquids was used along with genuine analytical standards for compounds of interest. This resulted in a dataset of over 1,500 unique detected chemicals. Approximately half of these chemical compounds were detected only once in a single product and not in multiple products analyzed. For any sample analyzed, on average, 40% of the chemical constituents appeared to have flavouring properties. The remainder were nicotine and related alkaloids, processing, degradation or indirect additives, natural extractives and compounds with unknown roles. Data published here from the project on the Open Characterization of vaping liquids is unique as it offers a detailed understanding of products’ flavour chemical profiles, the presence and frequency of chemicals of potential health concern, as well as trends and changes in products’ chemical complexity over a three-year period. Non-targeted chemical surveillance such as this present valuable tools to public health officials and researchers in responding to emergent issues such as vaping associated lung injury or informing chemical based strategies which may be aimed at addressing product safety or appeal.

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“…Nicotine salt is synthetically generated by alkaline free-base nicotine and any acid (lactic, benzoic, levulinic) [ 15 , 16 ]. Compared with alkaline free-base nicotine, nicotine salt reduces both harshness and bitterness, and increases sweetness and smoothness for e-cigarette users [ 17 ]; it is also more likely to alter lung epithelium inflammatory responses, which could increase the risk of respiratory illness [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarettes Use Behaviors in Japan: An Online Survey

Koyama

Tabuchi

Miyashiro

2022

IJERPH

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Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly widespread throughout the world, including in Japan. However, little is known about how e-cigarettes are used in Japan, a country with heavy restrictions on nicotine-containing e-liquids and/or vaping products. This study examined e-cigarette use (e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors) among users in Japan, through an online survey using a web-based self-reported questionnaire which included questions about sex, age, combustible cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) use behaviors. Of 4689 e-cigarettes users analyzed, 93.5% were men and 52.9% had been using e-cigarettes for 1–3 years. Over 80% used e-cigarettes every day; 62.3% used nicotine liquid, and half of the nicotine liquid users used nicotine salt. The most popular liquid flavor was fruit (prevalence: 68.1%), followed by tobacco (prevalence: 48.4%). While 50.9% were e-cigarette single users, 35.2% were dual users (e-cigarettes and cigarettes or HTPs) and 13.8% were triple user (e-cigarettes, cigarettes and HTPs). This is the first comprehensive survey of Japanese e-cigarette users and our finding suggest more than half use nicotine liquid, although e-cigarettes containing nicotine liquid have been prohibited by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act since 2010 in Japan. The study also showed 49.1% of participants used cigarettes and/or HTPs concurrently (dual or triple users).

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Effect of Exposure to e-Cigarettes With Salt vs Free-Base Nicotine on the Appeal and Sensory Experience of Vaping

Cited by 120 publications

References 35 publications

Nicotine delivery and relief of craving after consumption of European JUUL e-cigarettes prior and after pod modification

Nicotine delivery and relief of craving after consumption of European JUUL e-cigarettes prior and after pod modification

Open Characterization of Vaping Liquids in Canada: Chemical Profiles and Trends

E-Cigarettes Use Behaviors in Japan: An Online Survey

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