Effect of external magnetic field on diffusion of electrolytes in solution

The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Processes

“…17 In general, the k M versus concentration curve has a local minimum at a fixed magnetic field strength whose existence cannot be explained by a simple theory of electromagnetism. The experimentally observed values of k M are somewhat larger than values predicted via the Lielmezsd-Musbally equation 14 (3) where v 1 and v 2 are the ionic average drift velocity vectors in interacting diffusion flow, and µ ss is the derivative of the chemical potential of the electrolyte with respect to electrolyte concentration, c s .…”

Magnetic Field Effects in Electrochemistry. Voltammetric Reduction of Acetophenone at Microdisk Electrodes

“…Although the ability to alter currents in electrochemical cells using magnetic fields was first demonstrated over a century ago, and has been investigated extensively during the past several decades, − all previous measurements of this phenomenon have employed conventional macroscopic electrodes. The recent development of electrochemical techniques employing electrodes with dimensions ranging from nanometers to micrometers has considerably extended the range of materials, as well as spatial and time domains, that may be explored in electrochemistry. − We envision that these microelectrode techniques may open routes for using the dependence of faradaic currents on magnetic field strength and orientation in fundamental investigations of chemical kinetics and transport phenomena, as well as in the development of novel analytical methods.…”

“…Although the ability to alter currents in electrochemical cells using magnetic fields was first demonstrated over a century ago, 2 and has been investigated extensively during the past several decades, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] all previous measurements of this phenomenon have employed conventional macroscopic electrodes. The recent development of electrochemical techniques employing electrodes with dimensions ranging from nanometers to micrometers has considerably extended the range of materials, as well as spatial and time domains, that may be explored in electrochemistry.…”

Short-term effects of magnetic fields on diffusion in stirred and unstirred paramagnetic solutions

“…The absolute value of the magnetic volume susceptibility of distilled water is much less than that of the paramagnetic solution.12 Consequently, the reluctance of a paramagnetic solution in compartment 1 is less than the reluctance of distilled water in compartment 2. Compartment (1) Compartment (2) The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol, 97, No. 24, 1993 6471 Concentration gradient…”

“…Combining eqs 14,15, and 16, the differential equation which describes the diffusion, the free convection, and the migration process due to the magnetic field is given by -~d( 1+--« --V^- In this section, a description of the experimental design and procedure we used to study the possible effects of static magnetic He-Ne Laser Laser beam Magnetic pole shoes Membrane Compartment (2) Compartment (I) Figure 2. Experimental setup.…”