Effect of external pressure and resin flushing on reduction of process-induced voids and enhancement of laminate quality in heated-VARTM

Yalcinkaya, Mehmet; Sozer, Emre; Altan, M. Cengiz

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.03.040

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Hence, the additional heat may cuase the air bubbles to grow and subsequently to expand as their internal pressure increases with temperature. Furthermore, Oosterom et al [55] carried out the post filling process for all infused laminates, and that may be effective in decreasing void content [56]. Meanwhile, this additional step was not performed for the current study.…”

Section: Statistics Of Thickness Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental comparative study of the variants of high-temperature vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding

Correia

Costa

Gomes

et al. 2020

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Section: Statistics Of Thickness Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental comparative study of the variants of high-temperature vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding

Correia

Costa

Gomes

et al. 2020

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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“…External pressure was applied after complete impregnation in the VARTM and RTM processes to compress the laminate, which decreased void size generally and caused bigger voids to vanish and smaller voids to shift to the periphery. 32,33 Increasing the packing pressure during cure has also created minimized void content. 24,30,34 An external vacuum chamber was also used to increase the permeability of the preform in VARTM so that the void content was considerably reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the void content and laminate quality of fiber‐reinforced plastic composites manufactured using the resin spray and compaction method

Zegeye,

Delele,

Tsegaw

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Void fraction and fiber volume fraction (FVF) are among the most important parameters determining the quality of fiber‐reinforced plastic products. Most of the voids in liquid composite molding–manufactured composites are directly related to the viscous matrix (resin) flow through the porous medium (fiber) during impregnation. In this investigation, a different method, resin spray rather than injection was used to reduce the resin's flow path, which resulted in low void content and higher FVF. The resin was sprayed on the surface of the preform, and compaction was applied to infiltrate the resin towards the thickness. Sample laminates were manufactured, and computer tomography scanning was applied to diagnose void content and laminae quality. The images collected from the scanner were analyzed using ImageJ software. Effects of compaction pressure and compaction speed were characterized. According to the investigation, compaction speed was the key factor in determining a laminate's void content. Only 1.5% void fraction was integrated with a compaction speed of 1 mm/min and a compaction pressure of 100 KPa. On the other hand, compaction speed has less of an impact on a laminate's FVF.Highlights The void fraction of a composite is reduced via the spray and compaction method. Fiber volume fraction is not much affected by compaction speed. Slow compaction speeds minimize void content. Spray compaction is a low‐cost manufacturing method.

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“…[4] These microstructural changes can be identified using destructive testing techniques, such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so forth. [37,38] However, these destructive testing techniques have certain limitations, such as complicated specimen preparation procedures (sectioning, polishing, and plasma etching), destructive scanning, 2D evaluation, and so forth. [39,40] In contrast, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is widely used to study microstructural changes in composites, [13,41,42] due to advantages, such as nondestructive scanning, higher spatial resolution, void distribution in 2D and 3D, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic and cyclic compaction response of prepregs tested under isothermal temperatures and various compaction speeds

et al. 2021

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Viscoelastic compaction/relaxation and cyclic compaction studies of uncured prepregs are of importance to understand the process parameters, such as mold closing forces and speed and the clamping force required to maintain a given thickness during molding, and so forth, for many composites manufacturing processes, including compression molding. In this study, viscoelastic compaction/ relaxation, and multi-cycle-compaction tests were performed on uncured glass/ epoxy prepreg specimens at elevated temperatures and variable compaction speeds up to a target fiber volume fraction of 0.65. At low temperatures, the relax-

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Effect of external pressure and resin flushing on reduction of process-induced voids and enhancement of laminate quality in heated-VARTM

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

Experimental comparative study of the variants of high-temperature vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding

Experimental comparative study of the variants of high-temperature vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding

Characterization of the void content and laminate quality of fiber‐reinforced plastic composites manufactured using the resin spray and compaction method

Viscoelastic and cyclic compaction response of prepregs tested under isothermal temperatures and various compaction speeds

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