Effect of extraction temperature and solvent type on the bioactive potential of Ocimum gratissimum L. extracts

Abstract

Ocimum gratissimum is a shrub that belongs to the Lamiaceae family of plants. Despite the known biological activities and ethnomedicinal applications, comparative evaluation of the effects of different extraction techniques on the chemical and bioactive properties of O. gratissimum extracts has not yet been performed. This study adopted different analytical techniques to determine the effect of extraction temperature and solvent type on the phytochemical and bioactive properties of O. gratissimum extracts. Chemical profiling showed increased concentrations of compounds for both the ethanolic and methanolic extracts compared to the water extracts. The results also revealed that the extraction temperature had an effect on the total phenolic content and radical-scavenging properties of the different extracts. The antioxidant kinetic modeling achieved the best fit when using the second-order kinetic model. Methanolic extracts had the highest levels of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. At high concentrations, all extracts lowered the viability of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In conclusion, the chemical and bioactive properties of all extracts showed significant dependence on the extraction temperature and solvent type. With proper extraction methods, they boast a wide range of promising applications in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.

A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.)

“…Compounds present in the essential oil of O. gratissimum include hydrocarbonated monoterpenes such as camphene, α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, α and β-phellandrene, δ-3-carene, limonene, α-terpinene, p-cymene, trans-β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymenene, and p-menthane-1,3,8-triene; oxygenated monoterpenes such as 1.8-cineole, cis-sabinene hydrate, linalool, trans-sabinene hydrate, trans-thujone, citronellal, umbellulone, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, p-cymen-8-ol, α-terpineol, thymol methyl ether, estragol, p-cymen-7-ol, thymol, and carvacrol; hydrocarbonated sesquiterpenes such as α-copaene, β-elemene, γ-elemene, β-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, α-humulene, β-bourbunene, α-guaiene, δ-cadinene, germacrene D, γ-selinene, β-selinene, α-selinene, (Z,E)-α-farnesene, and 7-epi-α-selinene; and oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as caryophyllene oxide, 1,2-epoxydehumulene, and 3,7-(11)-eudesmadiene, spathulenol ( Vieira et al., 2001 ; Pessoa et al., 2002 ; Lahlou et al., 2004 ; Tchoumbougnang et al., 2005 ; Lemos et al., 2005 ; Benitez et al., 2009 ; Kpoviessi et al. 2012 , 2014 ; Nguemtchouin et al., 2013 ; Aguiar et al., 2015 ; Mohr et al., 2017 ; Chimnoi et al., 2018 ; Melo et al., 2019 ; Onyebuchi and Kavaz, 2020 ; Essoung et al., 2020 ). The bioactive compounds identified from the essential oil of O. gratissimum as well as their structures and various biological activities are shown in Table 2 .…”

Characterisation of Some Phytochemicals Extracted from Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Flowers Subjected to Ozone Treatment

“…The use of sugar syrup at a temperature of 60 • C resulted in the extraction of larger amounts of compounds, including antioxidants. Increasing the temperature of the extraction process usually results in an increased amount of extracted components [33]. ever, these relationships were weaker than in the case of ozone treatment duration.…”

Anti-Obesity Effect of Hot Water Extract of Barley Sprout through the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth

“…This study confirmed that BSE showed a stronger anti-obesity effect at a lower concentration than the 70% EtOH extract of previous studies [ 35 ]. Natural products show a difference in physiological activities, such as anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects, depending on the extraction conditions [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Through this study, it was confirmed that hot-water extraction was the optimal extraction condition for the development of healthy functional foods and drugs for the anti-obesity effect of barley sprouts.…”