Effect of Eye Masks, Earplugs, and Quiet Time Protocol on Sleep Quality of Patients Admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit: A Clinical Trial Study

Tabas, Ebrahim Ebrahimi; Khodadadi, Fatemeh; Sarani, Hamed; Saeedinezhad, Farshid; Jahantigh, Mozhgan

doi:10.5812/msnj.98762

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…VSH was used in various modifications in 3 studies. Tabas et al [26], Yazdannik et al [5], and Bajwa et al [17] used its 16-item version. The first study confirmed the statistical improvement in subjectively perceived sleep quality in all three subscales (discomfort, efficacy, support) ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Earplugs and Eye Masks Usage in the Intensive Care Unit on Sleep Quality: Systematic Review

Akyol¹,

Çavdar²,

ŞENGÖR>³

2022

Dubai Med J

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Introduction: Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have severe and complex disease characteristics and their sleep problems should not be ignored. Poor-quality sleep is associated with impaired immune function and associated susceptibility to disease and infection, decreased energy levels, delirium, delays in recovery. This study is conducted to examine the results of studies examining sleep quality using earplugs and eye masks in the ICU. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Medline databases were scanned using “Earplugs, Eye masks, Sleep quality, Intensive care units” as keywords. For the search strategy, a query in a patient-intervention-compare-result (PICO) format was used. P: Patients in intensive care; I: Earplugs and eye mask; C: Noise, Light, and Sleep Quality; O: Using earplugs and eye masks improves sleep quality. Results: We included the 17 most eligible studies meeting defined inclusion/exclusion criteria involving 1,372 participants. Randomized controlled trial was used mostly as study design. The interventions within the scope of the studies were earplugs, eye masks, relaxing music, and quiet time protocol. Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Verran and Snydern Halpern Sleep Scale were the most used scale. Most of the studies reviewed found that the use of non-pharmacological interventions showed a significant improvement in sleep quality. Earplugs and eye masks were found to have potential positive effects on sleep quality and delirium incidence in ICU patients. Conclusion: The use of earplugs and eye masks is a noninvasive, economical, and effective way to improve sleep quality in adult ICU patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Earplugs and Eye Masks Usage in the Intensive Care Unit on Sleep Quality: Systematic Review

Akyol¹,

Çavdar²,

ŞENGÖR>³

2022

Dubai Med J

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“…The findings from this study are supported by a similar study by Arttawejkul et al [ 19 ] that demonstrated a decrease in the arousal index and improved activity index among patients who received earplugs and eye masks for the first five nights in the ICU, compared with a control group. A clinical trial among 135 critical care unit (CCU) patients for three days after admission revealed that the institution of a quiet environment protocol and the use of simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective measures of earplugs and eye masks were beneficial for decreasing sleep disturbance and improving sleep efficacy, thereby improving sleep quality compared with the control group [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Earplugs and Eye Masks on Sleep Quality and Fatigue Among Nonventilated Patients in an Intensive Care Unit

Avudaiappan,

Govindaraj,

Poomalai

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Sleep is a basic physiological need and is imperative for healing and rejuvenation. However, the environment of the intensive care unit (ICU), including loud sounds and bright lights, can undermine patients' sleep quality. Aim: This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of overnight use of earplugs and eye masks to improve sleep quality and potentially influence hemodynamic parameters and mitigate fatigue among nonventilated patients in an ICU. Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted among 84 nonventilated patients in an ICU. The patients were evenly divided between an intervention group (n=42) and a control group (n=42). The intervention group patients received earplugs and eye masks for three consecutive nights from 10:30 pm to 6:30 am, while the control group patients received routine care. Clinical data, responses to the Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire, and rankings on a numerical fatigue scale were collected before (pretest) and after the intervention each night and the next morning (posttests 1, 2, and 3). Results: The results revealed a significant reduction in fatigue. At pretest, fatigue scores in the study group were 4.19±1.64. The score was significantly reduced to 3.40±1.39 at posttest 1 and then to 2.21±1.00 at posttest 3 (p<0.0001). The sleep quality for the study group showed a significant improvement from the pretest score of 43.73±8.27 to 60.35±6.85 at posttest 3 (p<0.001), whereas the control group had slightly worse sleep quality, with 40.64±8.67 at pretest and 45.63±6.95 at posttest 3. Conclusions: Continuous patient monitoring is an essential nursing care activity in ICUs while ensuring good-quality sleep promotes healing and reduces fatigue. Sleep quality can be supported by devices such as earplugs and eye masks to limit undue disturbances in the ICU settings.

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“…Following a similar study (Ebrahimi Tabas et al) (32) and using the following formula, the sample size was estimated as 18 subjects per group with a 95% confidence interval and 95% test power. However, given the possibility of the participants' dropout, the sample size was considered 20 subjects per group (40 participants in total) as follows: The criteria for enrolment in the study were being alert and aware of time and place (the Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] ≤ 12), absence of hearing and vision disorders, absence of history and habit of using eye masks and earplugs, absence of drug use at night, and non-prohibition of massage for the patient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effect of Swedish Massage and Earplugs/Eye Masks on Sleep Quality of Patients Admitted to ICUs

Habibi Nezhad,

Sadeghi,

Yaghoubinia

2024

Med Surg Nurs J

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Background: Sleep is one of the basic physiological needs of human life. Hospitalization causes disturbances in the sleep pattern and decreases the quality of sleep. The present study aimed to compare the effect of Swedish massage and earplugs/eye masks on the quality of sleep of patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of the teaching hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in Zahedan, Iran, in 2022. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 patients admitted to the ICUs of Khatam Al-Anbia and Ali Ibne Abi-Talib hospitals in Zahedan. The participants were selected through convenience sampling from the patients who met the inclusion criteria. By using the permuted block technique with colored cards (red and yellow), the patients were placed into two Swedish massage and earplug/eye mask groups. After enrollment in the study, the patients in both groups did not receive any intervention during the first night, and their sleep quality was checked using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) as a pre-test during the first night. The participants in both groups received the intended interventions on the second night after entering the study, and their sleep quality on the second night was measured as a post-test. The participants in the first intervention group received a Swedish massage one night for 20 minutes before bedtime in the back area (lumbar cavity to the shoulder). Moreover, the participants in the second intervention group were asked to wear earplugs and eye masks for one night from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and chi-square test with SPSS software (version 26). Results: The results showed that the mean sleep quality scores for the participants in the Swedish massage group and earplug/eye mask group were 130.25 ± 41.91 and 135 ± 44.36 before the intervention, respectively. In addition, the mean sleep quality scores for the participants in the Swedish massage group and earplug/eye mask group were 202 ± 46.03 and 184.79 ± 39.5 after the intervention, respectively, showing a significant increase in the sleep quality scores for the participants in both groups after the intervention (P = 0.001). In addition, the independent samples t-test confirmed that the mean sleep quality score for the participants in the Swedish massage group was significantly higher than that of the participants in the earplug/eye mask group after the intervention (P = 0.037). Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions, such as Swedish massage and wearing earplugs and eye masks, can have a significant effect on increasing the sleep quality of patients admitted to the ICU. The data in this study indicated that compared to the earplug/eye mask group intervention, Swedish massage had a greater effect on improving the sleep quality of the patients. Therefore, the Swedish massage technique, which does not cause sensory restrictions similar to those of earplugs/eye masks, can be applied as an inexpensive intervention without any complications to improve patients’ sleep quality.

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Effect of Eye Masks, Earplugs, and Quiet Time Protocol on Sleep Quality of Patients Admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit: A Clinical Trial Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

The Effect of Earplugs and Eye Masks Usage in the Intensive Care Unit on Sleep Quality: Systematic Review

The Effect of Earplugs and Eye Masks Usage in the Intensive Care Unit on Sleep Quality: Systematic Review

Effectiveness of Earplugs and Eye Masks on Sleep Quality and Fatigue Among Nonventilated Patients in an Intensive Care Unit

Comparison of the Effect of Swedish Massage and Earplugs/Eye Masks on Sleep Quality of Patients Admitted to ICUs

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