“…Therefore, it is conducive to maintaining water droplet at the Cassie–Baxter metastable state during the MD process, preventing membrane fouling and wetting. The methods, including self-assembly, surface grafting, chemical vapor deposition, electrospinning, , plasma treatment, , photoetching, and other methods, , have been used to construct superhydrophobic structures on the membrane. The classical material for preparing superhydrophobic membranes is to use nanomaterials, such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , and ZnO, to design micro-/nanostructures on the pristine membrane surface, followed by surface energy reduction.…”