Effect of farming system on donkey milk composition

Valle, Emanuela; Pozzo, Luisa; Giribaldi, Marzia; Bergero, Domenico; Gennero, Maria Silvia; Dezzutto, Daniela; McLean, Amy; Borreani, G.; Coppa, Mauro; Cavallarin, Laura

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8777

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This increase in the protein amount of the milk may be depending on the stage of the donkeys' lactation period and the effects of the farming system on the produced milk. It is known that in the early stages of lactation, protein level and fat level can be higher [31].…”

Section: Physicochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing microbiological profiles, bioactivities, and physicochemical and sensory properties of donkey milk kefir and cow milk kefir

Yirmibeşoğlu¹,

Öztürk²

2020

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Consumption of fermented milk products especially kefir is accelerated in the population due to their high nutritional value and other health benefits. These health benefits are rooted in the composition of source material and flora of kefir grains. Therefore, the utilization of different kinds of milk as source material in kefir production directly affects the properties of kefir. In this study, changes in the physicochemical properties, microbiological profiles, antibacterial effects, antioxidant activities, sensory evaluation, and total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of kefirs obtained from donkey milk (DM) and cow milk (CM) were compared. It was found that donkey milk kefir (DMK) and cow milk kefir (CMK) have different physicochemical properties and microbiological profile. DMK showed antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strain used in this study. The antioxidant activity was increased with fermentation in both kefir samples. The total phenolic content of DMK was higher than that of CMK whereas the total flavonoid content of CMK was higher than that of DMK. Sensory analysis showed that participants prefer CMK to DMK. It can be concluded that with its higher flavonoid content and antibacterial activity, DMK might be an alternative nutrient for consumers.

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Section: Physicochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing microbiological profiles, bioactivities, and physicochemical and sensory properties of donkey milk kefir and cow milk kefir

Yirmibeşoğlu¹,

Öztürk²

2020

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…It may also be important to ensure sufficient levels of vitamin supplementation, especially, for those animals that are primarily fed on dried forages [22]. Pastures may be helpful since, according to Valle et al [9], green forages can increase the vitamin liposoluble content of milk.…”

Section: Nutritional Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third reason is related to the fact that a forage-based diet has an effect on milk quality. Few studies are available on this topic, but Valle et al [9] reported that pasture feeding increased the fat content and fat-soluble vitamin concentration of milk. Chiofalo et al [35] described how fresh meadow herbage vs. meadow hay feeding resulted in a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.…”

Section: Farm Management Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Appropriate Nutrition Welfare Criteria of Dairy Donkeys: Nutritional Requirements, Farm Management Requirements and Animal-Based Indicators

Raspa

Cavallarin

McLean

et al. 2019

Animals

Self Cite

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Data are available in the scientific literature concerning the quality and usefulness of donkey milk for human consumption. However, there is a lack of studies related to the understanding of the welfare of dairy donkeys. The only attempt, at a European Union level, to assess the welfare of donkeys is that of the Animal Welfare Indicator’s (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, where the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria have been assessed, but only through the evaluation of the body condition score. However, several other indicators that take into account the importance of good feeding welfare principles should be considered for the correct management of dairy donkeys. Therefore, it is hoped that this review of the available scientific literature will be useful to help establish a set of appropriate welfare requirements and indicators for the management of dairy donkeys. The review is aimed at identifying and discussing other requirements and indicators, such as nutritional requirements, farm management requirements and animal-based indicators, which may be important for the correct assessment of the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria and to establish best practices for the feeding of dairy donkeys.

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“…In addition, vitamin E synthesis in plants broadly varies, according to plant species and season (higher during spring-summer than during fall-winter) ( Sattler et al, 2003 ). As for the donkey, only a few contributions report detailed effects of the dietary regime on comparative biochemical profile and health conditions, with emphasis on specific nutrient deficiencies ( Chiofalo et al, 2005 ; Cappai, Picciau & Pinna, 2013 ; Cappai et al, 2017 ; Girardi et al, 2013 ; Valle et al, 2017 , 2018 ). In fact, very little is known about reference intervals of circulating parameters for this species ( Zinkl et al, 1990 ; French & Patrick, 1995 ; Folch, Jordana & Cuenca, 1997 ; Mori et al, 2003 ; Caldin et al, 2005 ; Bana et al, 2011 ; Girardi et al, 2013 ; Laus et al, 2015 ; Burden et al, 2016 ; Da Silva et al, 2018 ; Santos et al, 2018 ; De Palo et al, 2018 ; Gloria et al, 2018 ; Barrio, Rickards & Thiemann, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic profile of Asinara (albino) and Sardo donkeys (pigmented) (Equus asinus L., 1758) points to unequivocal breed assignment of individuals

Cappai

Dimauro

Biggio³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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This study pointed to explore if variations in circulating levels of metabolites in the blood stream of no. 25 feral donkeys occur in view of the different coat color between specimens of Asinara (albino, no. 8) vs. Sardo (dun-grey, no. 17) breed. All individuals involved in this investigation are living in the nature, at Mediterranean latitudes and roam in the same areas all over the National Park of Capo Caccia, where they feed on spontaneous vegetation sources. The study was conducted during the positive photoperiod of the boreal hemisphere (peak in the month of June, 2019) to maximize the effect of exposure to the natural sun radiation and thus elicit the coping ability of albino (Asinara) in comparison with pigmented donkeys (Sardo). The biochemical profile of all donkeys was used in a Discriminant Analysis (DA) to explore if circulating levels of metabolites could point to metabolic markers for breed assignment of individuals following a canonical discriminant analysis (CANDISC). The biochemical investigation included also the determination of the circulating Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol, α-TOH), as an essential biologically active compound involved in antioxidant mechanisms, and its respective status (circulating α-TOH to total triglycerides and total cholesterol ratio). In the CANDISC, the distance between the two breeds was not significant. However, it pointed to different metabolites (UREA, total protein, total triglycerides, Zn) capable of describing biochemical patterns on each respective breed (Asinara vs. Sardo). The multivariate analysis DA carried out using 22 metabolites correctly assigned individuals to the two breeds in the 100% of cases. In view of such metabolic background, circulating α-TOH found in the bloodstream of Asinara vs. Sardo donkeys under free grazing conditions turned out to reach similar values (2.114 vs. 1.872 µg/ml, respectively, p = 0.676). It is worth noting that significant differences were observed as to circulating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, p = 0.022) levels, in association with increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK, p = 0.076), both above the upper limit of the physiological range reported in other donkey breeds, and found in the totality of Asinara (albino) donkeys solely, still apparently clinically healthy.

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Effect of farming system on donkey milk composition

Abstract: Extensive farming of dairy donkeys increased the fat content and fat-soluble vitamin concentration of milk and also altered the FA composition to a more favorable profile for human nutrition. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Comparing microbiological profiles, bioactivities, and physicochemical and sensory properties of donkey milk kefir and cow milk kefir

Comparing microbiological profiles, bioactivities, and physicochemical and sensory properties of donkey milk kefir and cow milk kefir

A Review of the Appropriate Nutrition Welfare Criteria of Dairy Donkeys: Nutritional Requirements, Farm Management Requirements and Animal-Based Indicators

The metabolic profile of Asinara (albino) and Sardo donkeys (pigmented) (Equus asinus L., 1758) points to unequivocal breed assignment of individuals

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