Effect of fattening period on growth performance, carcass
                    characteristics, and economic traits of Holstein steers

Kim, Sung Il; Park, Sungkwon; Myung, Jung Hwan; Jo, Young Min; Choi, Cheol; Jung, Keun Ki

doi:10.5187/jast.2021.e84

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Studies have reported that among the physicochemical characteristics of the beef carcass, the crude fat content increases, and the moisture and crude protein content decrease as the meat quality grade increases [ 22 ]. In the recent specification test results of Holstein steers between the slaughter age of 20 to 24 months, it was reported that there was no significant difference in the physicochemical characteristics of carcass between the experimental groups [ 2 ], which is similar to the results of our study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results warrant further studies on the effect of different energy levels and fattening periods on meat quality and consumers preference. 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Mineral premix 2) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Total 100 100 100 100 1) Supplied per kg concentrate feed: 13,000 U vitamin A, 2500 U vitamin D3, 15 mg vitamin E, 1 mg vitamin B1, 0.56 mg vitamin B2, 0.5 mg vitamin B6, 0.01 mg vitamin B12, 12.5 mg vitamin niacin, 1.9 mg pantothenic acid, 0.15 mg folic acid 2) Supplied per kg feed; 100 mg Zn, 50 mg Fe. 100 mg, 50 mg Mn, 6 mg Cu, 0.6 mg Co, 3 mg I, 0.3 mg Se 2) Probability of the F test, 3) Saturated fatty acid, 4) Monounsaturated fatty acid, 5) Unsaturated fatty acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the average daily gain (ADG) of the 24-month slaughter age group decreased as the finishing phase got relatively longer. In addition, it has been reported that the ADG and feed efficiency of Holstein steers considerably decreases after the 22-month slaughter age [2].…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have a very high average daily gain (ADG) of 1.30–1.50 kg during the fattening period [ 1 ]. In addition, their uniform bloodline allows for better prediction and management of feed intake and ADG [ 2 ]. In recent years, many large-scale farmers have specialized in fattening Holstein cattle due to the low capital required for this breed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Holstein steers at different slaughter ages

Kim¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2023

J Anim Sci Technol

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We investigated the effect of energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Holstein steers at different slaughter ages. Forty Holstein steers with an average body weight (BW) of 234.21 ± 7.42 kg and 7.78 ± 0.22 months were randomly allocated to two experimental groups; a 22-month-old experimental group and a 24-month-old experimental group. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) for each group were set to 70% (T1) and 72% (T2) during fattening phase and 74% (T3) and 76% (T4) for the finishing phase, respectively. No difference was observed in the final BW between the experimental groups during the fattening phase. However, in the finishing phase, the final BW of T4 (820.31 kg) group was significantly higher than that of T1 (745.57 kg; p < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of T2 group in the finishing phase and overall period were 1.27 kg and 1.26 kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of T1 (1.11 kg and 1.12 kg; p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and TDN conversion ratio of T2 group in the finishing phase also decreased by 10.23% and 7.73%, respectively, compared to those of T1. The cold carcass weight of T4 group was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than that of T1, whereas back fat thickness, longissimus area, and marbling score were not significantly different among groups. No differences were observed in physicochemical characteristics of the carcass including moisture, crude protein, and crude fat content among groups. However, the composition of fatty acids differed significantly between the groups. The content of C18:0 was significantly lower ( p < 0.05) in T4 than in T1 group, and the content of C18:2 was higher in T4 than in T1 and T3 ( p < 0.05). Therefore, feeding Holstein steers at a high-energy feeding level during the fattening and finishing phases improves ADG and reduces the slaughter age from 24 months to 22 months.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Holstein steers at different slaughter ages

Kim¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2023

J Anim Sci Technol

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Development and Evaluation of Non-Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Food Animals

Wang,

Zhao,

Tai

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The widespread utilization of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) boosts the growth rate of food animals and enhances human living standards. Nevertheless, it is accompanied by escalating antibiotic resistance. Consequently, there is an urgent demand to develop novel alternatives to growth promoters. The objective of this study was to develop a non-antibiotic growth promoter (NAGP) for augmenting the growth rate of food animals. The growth-promoting effect of plant-derived NAGPs was assessed in mice and broiler chickens, and its growth-promoting mechanism was initially investigated. The results reveal that a combination of hawthorn (also known as shanzha) and astragalus (also known as huangqi) extracts (SQ) enhanced the growth rate of mice both in vivo and in vitro, attributed to their significant capacity to promote muscle growth and improve immunity (p < 0.05). The composite super energy extract M (CSEE-M), further optimized on the basis of SQ, significantly improved growth performance and feed conversion ratio, and elevated the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes (p < 0.05) in both mice and broilers and reshaped the gut microbiota of broilers. The addition of 0.5% CSEE-M to broiler drinking water significantly increased muscle content and improved carcass quality (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both SQ and CSEE-M hold great promise as NAGPs and serve as effective substitutes to AGPs. This research not only furnishes new solutions for the misuse of antibiotics but presents a fresh perspective for the development of growth promoters.

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Effect of short-term fattening period and castration method on productivity, serum testosterone, and economic efficacy in Hanwoo cattle

Ahn¹,

Kwon²,

Lee³

et al. 2023

J Anim Sci Technol

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Effect of fattening period on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economic traits of Holstein steers

Abstract: Competing interestsNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Funding sourcesState funding sources (grants, funding sources, equipment, and supplies). Include name and number of grant if available.Not applicable.

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Holstein steers at different slaughter ages

Effects of energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Holstein steers at different slaughter ages

Development and Evaluation of Non-Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Food Animals

Effect of short-term fattening period and castration method on productivity, serum testosterone, and economic efficacy in Hanwoo cattle

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