Effect of Feed Containing Hermetia illucens Larvae Immunized by Lactobacillus plantarum Injection on the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Hwang, Dooseon; Lim, Chae-Hwan; Lee, Seung Hun; Goo, Tae-Won; Yun, Eun‐Young

doi:10.3390/insects12090801

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…These obstructions, especially chitin, severely limited the utilization of BSF as FM substitution in the feed industry. A study on rainbow trout revealed that 15% BSF in the diet is the maximum addition for fish growth [24]; adding 25% BSF into catfish meal is the maximum of having no negative effect on growth rate and nutrition utilization efficiency [25]. Previously, we found that the content of chitin in the BSF larva cuticle rose from 3% to 84% from larva to prepupa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in Black Soldier Fly Co-Fermentation

Xia

Mai

et al. 2022

Fermentation

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Black soldier fly larvae have gained popularity as an organic waste bio-conversional tool and fodder protein replacement in recent decades. It can consume all kinds of animal feces, kitchen waste and agricultural waste with great efficiency and transform them into high-value insect protein, fatty acids, and amino acids, which makes the larva a good substitute for costly fish meal and bean pulp in animal diets. However, excess chitin in the larva skin limits its application as an animal feed additive, consequently, employing fermentation with zymocytes to remove the chitin is necessary. In this study, we raised black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) with different carbon sources, such as chicken feces, straws and glucose, and examined the growth condition; we applied Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger to co-ferment BSFL paste to analyze its nutrition changes. Data revealed that among the four kinds of cultures, the body weight of the corn powder group increased most rapidly; the wood chip group was the most underweight; however, it increased faster than others before day 4, and contained the least fat. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of multiple enzymes from B. subtilis and A. niger involved in polysaccharide hydrolysis, amino acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism, such as peptidase of S8 family, maltogenic α-amylase, oligo-1,6-glucosidase and lysophospholipase like protein changed significantly compared to the control group. Production detection showed that free amino acids, acid-soluble proteins, and short-chain fatty acids increased after fermentation; 13 out of 17 amino acids were increased and total free amino acids were increased from 0.08 g/100 g to 0.3 g/100 g; organic acids increased by 4.81 to 17 fold through fermentation, respectively; the actual protein content declined from 3.03 g/100 g to 1.81 g/100 g, the peptide content increased from 1.3 g/100 g to 2.46 g/100 g, the chitin degradation rate was 40.3%, and fat decreased 30% (p < 0.05). These findings might provide important information for future applications of black soldier fly larvae in different carbon waste recycling measures and material for animal feed/organic fertilizer after fermentation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in Black Soldier Fly Co-Fermentation

Xia

Mai

et al. 2022

Fermentation

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“…Moreover, dose-dependent trends in survival, against both Flavobacterium columnare and Streptococcus iniae challenges, were observed, suggesting that dietary frass from black soldier fly larvae could be beneficial by improving innate immunity and disease resistance of hybrid tilapia against bacterial infection. In an innovative study, black soldier fly larvae were injected with bacteria to boost insect immunity and then incorporated in diets for rainbow trout [144]. Dietary treatments included fishmeal replacement by 25 or 50% of non-immunised or immunised black soldier fly larvae meals.…”

Section: Impacts Of Alternative Protein Sources On Immune Function An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth

Aragão

Gonçalves

Costas

et al. 2022

Animals

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Aquaculture has been challenged to find alternative ingredients to develop innovative feed formulations that foster a sustainable future growth. Given the most recent trends in fish feed formulation on the use of alternative protein sources to decrease the dependency of fishmeal, it is fundamental to evaluate the implications of this new paradigm for fish health and welfare. This work intends to comprehensively review the impacts of alternative and novel dietary protein sources on fish gut microbiota and health, stress and immune responses, disease resistance, and antioxidant capacity. The research results indicate that alternative protein sources, such as terrestrial plant proteins, rendered animal by-products, insect meals, micro- and macroalgae, and single cell proteins (e.g., yeasts), may negatively impact gut microbiota and health, thus affecting immune and stress responses. Nevertheless, some of the novel protein sources, such as insects and algae meals, have functional properties and may exert an immunostimulatory activity. Further research on the effects of novel protein sources, beyond growth, is clearly needed. The information gathered here is of utmost importance, in order to develop innovative diets that guarantee the production of healthy fish with high quality standards and optimised welfare conditions, thus contributing to a sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry.

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“…Among the insects, the black soldier fly (BSF) ( Hermetia illucens , Linnaeus 1758, Diptera, Stratiomyidae family) and its larvae, which are native to the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas of Southern United States (three generation cycles per year) have been shown to be a good replacement of FM and FO ( Hoc et al, 2019 ). In this regard, feed incorporated with different combinations of BSF led to the best overall response in terms of growth and health in trout ( Huyben et al, 2019 ; Fawole et al, 2021 ; Bolton et al, 2021 ; Caimi et al, 2021 ; Hoc et al, 2021 ; Hwang et al, 2021 ; Melenchón et al, 2021 ; Randazzo et al, 2021 ; Cho et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2022 ; Ratti et al, 2023 ), salmon ( Belghit et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Weththasinghe et al, 2021 ), clownfish ( Vargas-Abúndez et al, 2019 ), zebrafish ( Zarantoniello et al, 2018 ; Zarantoniello et al, 2019 ), seabass ( Wang et al, 2019 ; Moutinho et al, 2021 ), tilapia ( Yildirim-Aksoy et al, 2020b ; Tippayadara et al, 2021 ; Agbohessou et al, 2022 ), catfish ( Xiao et al, 2018 ; Adeoye et al, 2020 ; Yildirim-Aksoy et al, 2020a ; Sudha et al, 2022 ), and shrimp ( Cummins Jr et al, 2017 ; Yildirim-Aksoy et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae

Sankappa,

Lange,

Yildirim-Aksoy

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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The larval waste, exoskeleton shedding, and leftover feed components of the black soldier fly and its larvae make up the by-product known as frass. In this study, we subjected channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to a 10-week feeding trial to assess how different dietary amounts of frass inclusion would affect both systemic and mucosal tissue gene expression, especially in regard to growth and immune-related genes. Fish were divided in quadruplicate aquaria, and five experimental diets comprising 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of frass per kilogram of feed were fed twice daily. At the end of the trial, liver, head kidney, gill, and intestine samples were collected for gene expression analyses. First, liver and intestine samples from fish fed with a no frass inclusion diet (control), low-frass (50 g/kg) inclusion diet, or a high-frass (300 g/kg) inclusion diet were subjected to Illumina RNA sequencing to determine global differential gene expression among diet groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) included the upregulation of growth-related genes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and myostatin, as well as innate immune receptors and effector molecules such as toll-like receptor 5, apolipoprotein A1, C-type lectin, and lysozyme. Based on the initial screenings of low/high frass using RNA sequencing, a more thorough evaluation of immune gene expression of all tissues sampled, and all levels of frass inclusion, was further conducted. Using targeted quantitative PCR panels for both innate and adaptive immune genes from channel catfish, differential expression of genes was identified, which included innate receptors (TLR1, TLR5, TLR9, and TLR20A), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β type a, IL-1β type b, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNFα), chemokines (CFC3 and CFD), and hepcidin in both systemic (liver and head kidney) and mucosal (gill and intestine) tissues. Overall, frass from black soldier fly larvae inclusion in formulated diets was found to alter global gene expression and activate innate and adaptive immunity in channel catfish, which has the potential to support disease resistance in this species in addition to demonstrated growth benefits.

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Effect of Feed Containing Hermetia illucens Larvae Immunized by Lactobacillus plantarum Injection on the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in Black Soldier Fly Co-Fermentation

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in Black Soldier Fly Co-Fermentation

Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth

Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae

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