Effect of Fenton's reagent on O/W emulsions stabilized by black liquor

Tolosa, Laura; Rodrı́guez-Malaver, Antonio J.; González, Aura M.; Rojas, Orlando J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.092

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…66 The former implies that the swollen core of lignosulphonates is more amenable to the ionization of acidic groups, so lignosulfonates may be richer of ionizable groups in the interior of the molecular matrix. 66 However, the surface activity is not directly linked to efficient emulsion stabilization capacity 86 and the molar mass of the lignin fraction also plays a role. For example, high-molar-mass lignosulfonates and Kraft lignin can act via multilayer adsorption to provide both steric and electrokinetic stabilization.…”

Section: Amphiphilic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for structuring diverse emulsion systems by using wood lignocellulose-derived stabilizers

Mikkonen

2020

Green Chem.

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Wood biomass is an abundant renewable source of materials, but due to the accelerating depletion of natural resources, it is important to explore new ways to use it in a more sustainable manner. Modern technologies enable the recovery and valorization of the main components of wood-namely, cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses-contributing to sustainability. However, the method of isolation and resulting structure and purity of lignocellulosic materials determine their functionality and applicability. This review discusses the properties of all three main wood-based compounds that can stabilize emulsions, a class of industrial dispersions that are widely used in life science applications and chemicals. Due to the multibillion-dollar annual market for hydrocolloids, the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, coating, and paint industries are actively seeking new sustainable emulsion stabilizers that fulfill the demanding requirements regarding safety and functionality. Wood-derived stabilizers facilitate various mechanisms involved in emulsion stabilization: (1) development of amphiphilic structures that decrease interfacial tension, (2) stabilization of interfaces by particles according to the Pickering theory, and (3) increase in the viscosity of emulsions' continuous phase. This review presents pathways for treating cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses to achieve efficient stabilization and provides suggestions for their broad use in emulsions.

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Section: Amphiphilic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for structuring diverse emulsion systems by using wood lignocellulose-derived stabilizers

Mikkonen

2020

Green Chem.

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“…reported the stabilization of heavy crude oil‐in‐water emulsions by sodium lignosulfonates . Moreover, an O/W emulsion stabilized by black liquors was discussed by Tolosa et al . More recently, Pickering emulsions stabilized by lignins were introduced by taking advantage of the progress achieved in the synthesis of lignin particles .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of lignin‐based emulsions, lignosulfonates have been favored as polymeric stabilizers because of their inherent water solubility . However, owing to their high sulfur content, their use for fuel emulsions is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Stabilized by Carboxymethylated Lignins: Properties and Energy Prospects

Willoughby

Rojas

2016

ChemSusChem

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We take advantage of the amphiphilic properties of technical lignin macromolecules and their inherent high calorific values to formulate oil-in-water (O/W) fuel emulsions with high internal-phase ratios. For the oil phase, we used a combustible hydrocarbon (kerosene) with a measured equivalent alkane carbon number of 12. To adjust the balance of affinity with the oil and water phases and their surface activity, pine kraft lignins were carboxymethylated to different degrees, as quantified by (13) C NMR spectroscopy, potentiometric titrations, and zeta potential measurements. Carboxymethylated lignins (CMLs) with a degree of substitution of 30 % displayed a critical aggregation concentration of 3 %. The salinity and pH of the aqueous phase were chosen as formulation variables and adjusted within the Winsor framework. The O/W emulsions were produced by following standard protocols. The drop-size distributions of emulsions with varying pH, degree of substitution, and composition (water-to-oil ratio, WOR) were determined, and the long-term stabilities and rheological behavior of these emulsions were analyzed. Most of the obtained O/W fuel emulsions showed shear-thinning behavior with a drop size of approximately 2.5 μm and were stable for over 30 days. The combustion of the lignins and their respective emulsions was performed, and their higher heating values (HHVs) were quantified. The HHVs of CML and a high-internal-phase (WOR=30:70) O/W emulsion were 20 and 30 MJ kg(-1) , respectively. Overall, we propose the stabilization of O/W fuel emulsions by lignin as an important avenue in the utilization of this abundant biomacromolecule.

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“…A break in the surface tension curve is also shown in Figure 1. It has been reported that the observed change in the slope is related to the value of a CMC at high concentration remains relatively constant or changes with a lower slope 37. The results are shown in Figure 1 which gives the CMC values as 8.3 × 10 −3 and 0.3 × 10 −3 g mol L −1 for the SDS45 and PVP,46 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for each used emulsifier was determined by measuring the surface tension of the aqueous solution of emulsifier with various concentrations37 and the mean value for three measurements was taken.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential microemulsion polymerization as a new root for entrapment of drugs

Moustafa

Sobh

Rabie

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanosized particles derived from poly(methyl methacrylate) as well as copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were synthesized by differential microemulsion technique in the presence of ammonium persulfate as water-soluble initiator. The polymerization was stabilized by adding biologically safe emulsifiers namely the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) either alone or in conjunction with polyethylene glycol. The turbidity measurements, surface tension, f potential, and morphological characterizations of the obtained nanosized poly MMA and its copolymer with HEMA in different monomer feed compositions were investigated. It is found that increasing HEMA content leads to increase in the particle size, turbidity measurements but the negatively charged f potential decreased. However, when SDS is used, the surface tension of the prepared lattices increased, whereas it is decreased by using PVP. Kinetic studies of (MMA/HEMA) in ratio of 95/5 wt % in the presence of SDS or PVP revealed that the emulsifier concentration has a considerable effect on the rate of polymerization and the power of the emulsifier. The entrapment of drug was investigated using two active molecules different in water solubility (sodium warfarin and ibuprofen). It is noted that entrapment efficiency is independent of HEMA content in the monomer feed composition but dependent on type of drug and the amount of drug introduced. Hence, higher entrapment efficiency was attained for sodium warfarin (more hydrophilic) than that of ibuprofen (more hydrophobic) and they were 95.5 and 85%, respectively.

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Effect of Fenton's reagent on O/W emulsions stabilized by black liquor

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Strategies for structuring diverse emulsion systems by using wood lignocellulose-derived stabilizers

Strategies for structuring diverse emulsion systems by using wood lignocellulose-derived stabilizers

Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Stabilized by Carboxymethylated Lignins: Properties and Energy Prospects

Differential microemulsion polymerization as a new root for entrapment of drugs

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