Effect of Fiber Level and Physical Form of Starter on Growth and Development of Dairy Calves Fed No Forage

Porter, John C.; Warner, R.G.; Kertz, A.F.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30994-3

Cited by 123 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It should be noted that when forage consumption is at 15% of solid feed intake (Mirzaei et al, 2015), gut fill will increase and may artificially improve BW and improve feed efficiency, which is supported by lack of treatment effect in skeletal growth measures reported in the present study. It should also be noted that texturized starter diets have greater intake than meal starters, possibly because of more rumination and greater ruminal pH (Porter et al, 2007;Khan et al, 2011). Despite the changes that were observed in starter intake and BW gain with the addition of AH in the present study, no significant differences were observed among AH treatments and CON regarding feed efficiency (P > 0.11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, NDF digestibility decreased over time, which may have been associated with pH. By increasing the starter intake and consequently dropping pH, out flow rate would potentially be increased and retention time decreased (Hoover, 1986;Porter et al, 2007;Laarman and Oba, 2011). The findings of the present study are supported by those of Castells et al (2012) who noted that total tract apparent DM, OM and NDF digestibilities did not differ between treatments that contain forage, but CP digestibility of free choice forage treatments were greater or similar to, but never lower than, calves fed starter without forages.…”

Section: Skeletal Growth Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining optimum age of Holstein dairy calves when adding chopped alfalfa hay to meal starter diets based on measures of growth and performance

Hosseini

Ghorbani

Rezamand

et al. 2016

animal

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The present study was conducted to determine the optimum age of Holstein dairy calves for an effective inclusion of alfalfa hay (AH) in starter feed on performance, apparent digestibility and feeding behavior. A total of 40 Holstein dairy calves (20 female and 20 male) were used in a completely randomized design in which calves were randomly assigned to one of four different dietary treatments including control (CON) calves fed starter feed without any forage and three treatments consisting of the same starter feed plus 15% chopped AH fed when calves were at the 2 nd (AH2), 4 th (AH4) or 6 th (AH6) week of age. Calves were individually housed and bedded with sand that was replaced every other day. Feed and water were available ad libitum throughout the experiment. Calves were fed milk at 10% of birth BW twice daily until d 57. The study concluded when calves were 73 days old. Starter intake was recorded daily and BW was measured weekly. Data were analyzed as a complete randomized design by MIXED procedures of SAS. Results demonstrate that calves receiving AH treatments numerically consumed more starter feed (0.62 v. 0.78, 0.71 and 0.65 kg/day for CON, AH2, AH4 and AH6, respectively) and had greater average daily gain (ADG) compared with CON (0.48 v. 0.57, 0.49 and 0.49 kg/day for CON, AH2, AH4 and AH6), although the significant difference was observed only between AH2 and CON. Among AH treatments, calves in AH2 had better performance than AH6 in several cases including starter intake, ADG. No detectable differences were observed, however, in apparent dry matter, organic matter or CP digestibility among treatments. Ruminal pH and NH 3 concentrations, measured on weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10, were lower for calves fed CON compared with other treatments, with ammonia concentrations decreasing over time. Calves in the AH treatments spent more time eating and ruminating compared with CON. Calves fed CON, however, spent more time on laying down compared with other treatments. Overall, results from the present study illustrated that inclusion of alfalfa in starter feed for calves at 2 weeks of age may improve feed intake, ADG and stimulate rumination in young Holstein dairy calves. Results, however, should be viewed with caution as the number of calves per treatment was small and large calf-to-calf variation may have affected the results reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeletal Growth Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining optimum age of Holstein dairy calves when adding chopped alfalfa hay to meal starter diets based on measures of growth and performance

Hosseini

Ghorbani

Rezamand

et al. 2016

animal

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“…All have reported that ADG was improved when calves were fed textured starter but not a fine ground starter. Porter et al (2007) also showed that greater ADG in neonatal calves fed coarse meal diet in comparison to a fine ground diet that had been pelleted. Our results are in accordance with those of Coverdale et al (2004), who found an increase in ADG when calves were fed textured starter in comparison to a finely ground starter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Cereal rolling would ensure larger particle size than grinding (Beauchemin et al, 2001;Dehghan-banadaky et al, 2007), and therefore is an interesting, better than grinding or pelleting, alternative for preventing ruminal acidosis (Gimeno et al, 2015). Porter et al (2007) reported greater average daily gain (ADG), starter intake, and earlier rumination time in neonatal calves fed coarse meal diet vs pelleted fine particle diet. However, a minimal particle size is required because consumption of diets with too many fine particles can lead to a rumen parakeratosis (Greenwood et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a minimal particle size is required because consumption of diets with too many fine particles can lead to a rumen parakeratosis (Greenwood et al, 1997). Data reported by Porter et al (2007) suggested that ruminal parakeratosis and bloat are minimized when 75% of the particles in a starter exceed 1 190 μm in diameter. The highest intake was found in animals fed diets containing dry-rolled grains, followed by whole, steam rolled and steam-flaked grains, with finely ground grains resulting in the lowest feed intake (Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of grain processing and grain source on performance, rumen fermentation and selected blood metabolites of Holstein calves

Rezapour¹,

Chashnidel²,

Dirandeh³

et al. 2016

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Rumen development and growth of Balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre- and post-weaning

Norouzian

Valizadeh

Vahmani

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The consumption of solid feed is essential for successful transition from a pre-ruminant to a functional digestive tract. Lambs fed starter rations containing highly fermentable carbohydrates often experience dramatic changes in concentrations of rumen and blood metabolites. The optimal amount of roughage required in the diet of pre-ruminant animals is still unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding alfalfa hay on performance and rumen development in young Balouchi lambs. In a completely randomized design, 30 lambs were fed one of three experimental diets consisting of a control, without alfalfa hay (C), a diet containing 7.5% alfalfa hay (A1), and a diet containing 15% alfalfa hay (A2). Lambs fed A1 and A2 diets had lower dry matter intake during the pre-weaning period (P < 0.01) and overall (P = 0.02), but feed conversion ratio and average daily gain were not affected by feeding alfalfa hay. Concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid was higher in C compared with the A1 and A2 groups (P < 0.01). Concentrations of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids did not differ among the groups of animals. Feeding alfalfa hay reduced thickness of the rumen epithelial keratinized layer (P = 0.04) and increased thickness of muscular layer (P = 0.05). We concluded that including 15% alfalfa hay in the starter diet could reduce thickness of the keratinization layer and increase muscularity of rumen wall without adverse effects on growth and performance of newborn lambs.

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Effect of Fiber Level and Physical Form of Starter on Growth and Development of Dairy Calves Fed No Forage

Cited by 123 publications

References 17 publications

Determining optimum age of Holstein dairy calves when adding chopped alfalfa hay to meal starter diets based on measures of growth and performance

Determining optimum age of Holstein dairy calves when adding chopped alfalfa hay to meal starter diets based on measures of growth and performance

The effect of grain processing and grain source on performance, rumen fermentation and selected blood metabolites of Holstein calves

Rumen development and growth of Balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre- and post-weaning

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