Effect of Fiber-Rich Snacks on C-Reactive Protein and Atherogenic Index in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

Background and aims: High levels of non-HDL and atherogenic cholesterol can induce inflammation, and as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study was to evaluate the effects of fiber-rich snacks on non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM). Material and Methods: Twenty T2DM patients, were recruited from the Policlinic of Endocrine, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The subjects received daily 32g fiber-rich snacks made of Dioscorea esculenta, arrowroot, cassava and pumpkin for 4 weeks. Fasting non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index, CRP and HbA1c levels were measured before and after intervention. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the results. Results: The fiber-rich snack intervention in T2DM patients significantly reduced levels of non-HDL cholesterol and CRP levels (p<0.05), but the decreased the atherogenic index was not significant (p>0.05). The intervention also significantly reduced the CRP levels (p<0.05) but did not affect HbA1c levels. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference decreased significantly after consuming the snacks (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed fiber-rich snack has a positive effect in improving non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index and CRP levels but does not affect HbA1c levels in T2DM patients.

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) as a new potential functional food: A scoping review

“…Another study of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 21 g of MA crispy flakes per day for eight weeks also observed a weight loss, a decrease in waistline, and an increase in free fatty acids, although this was insignificant (Sunarti et al, 2014). A snack made of mixed MA and Dioscorea esculenta given to T2DM patients also reduced non-HDL cholesterol levels and the atherogenic index (Sunarti et al, 2018).…”

“…Conversely, other studies reported no decrease in fasting blood glucose levels or glycated haemoglobin in DM patients who consumed a snack rich in fibre made from MA, Dioscorea esculenta, cassava, and pumpkin (as much as 32 g per day for four weeks) alongside a restricted diet of 1,500 kcal daily (Sunarti et al, 2018). This had likely been due to other foods that were not reported, and limited only for the sake of calorie intake.…”

“…The anti-inflammatory properties of MA root-mediated selenium nanoparticles have been observed when compared with the standard diclofenac (Francis et al, 2020). Additionally, T2DM patients who consumed an average 1,500 kcal diet, and between meals ate a snack comprising MA, yam (Dioscorea esculenta), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) as much as 32 g per day for four weeks may experience a significant decrease in Creactive protein (CRP) concentration (Sunarti et al, 2018). Moreover, CRP is one of the biomarker proteins in acute inflammation.…”

Ararot (Maranta Arundinacea L.) Ri̇zomlarinin Fi̇toki̇myasal, Tibbi̇ Ve Besi̇nsel Özelli̇kleri̇ Ve Çeşi̇tli̇ Kullanimlari

“…Ararot bitkisinin ve rizomlarının antioksidan [5,11,13,15,16,18,41] ve anti-inflamatuvar [12,16,32,61] aktiviteleri yapılan çeşitli çalışmalarda rapor edilmiştir. Literatüre göre taze rizom ekstresinin antioksidan aktivitesi (1.78 μg/ml) taze yaprak ekstresinin antioksidan aktivitesinden (0.27 μg/ml) daha yüksektir [5].…”

Extracted yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) fiber counteracts adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation while modulating gut microbiota composition in mice fed with a high-fat diet

“…A previous study demonstrated that nano-sized fibers extracted from sugarcane could significantly attenuate lipid deposition in the liver of HFD-fed mice by enhancing the signaling system composing hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin ( 11 ). Finally, as illustrated in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, the consumption of a high-fiber snack effectively decreases c-reactive peptide and body mass index levels ( 13 ). Whether dietary fiber of yam bean tubers also counteracts detrimental effects caused by HFD, however, remains unclear.…”