Effect of film thickness and particle size on cracking stresses in drying latex films

Yow, Huai Nyin; Goikoetxea, Monika; Goehring, Lucas; Routh, Alexander F.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.074

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The hypothesis is that in experiments using an inclined doctor blade, a variation of drying conditions affects the thickness at which cracking occurs which then correlates with different positions where cracks can be detected. In the literature, a dependency between film thickness and critical stress for cracking is given, with a higher tendency for cracking when film thickness is increased . These findings though are influenced by many factors such as particle size, particle size distribution, or binder properties and cannot easily be predicted for a complex system like the one investigated here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Use in High‐Energy Cells: Influence of Electrode Thickness on Drying Time, Adhesion, and Crack Formation

et al. 2019

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When fabricating battery electrodes, their properties are strongly determined by the adjusted drying parameters. This does not only affect their microstructure in terms of adhesion, but also influences cell performance. The reason is found to be the binder transported to the surface during drying. Herein, it is shown that when thicker electrodes are processed, new challenges arise. On the one hand, loss of adhesion associated with certain drying conditions becomes a more serious problem; on the other hand, cracking occurs at a certain drying rate and with increasing electrode thickness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Use in High‐Energy Cells: Influence of Electrode Thickness on Drying Time, Adhesion, and Crack Formation

et al. 2019

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“…Cracks form in a latex film if the magnitude of the tensile stress reaches a critical level for crack initiation. 27,36,37 The critical stress needed for crack propagation is related to the mechanical properties and thickness of the coating. For the AL25 film, the stress never reaches this critical level and cracks do not form.…”

Section: Stress Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress development and film formation in multiphase composite latexes

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Wood

et al. 2014

J Coat Technol Res

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Designed appropriately, multiphase softcore/hard-shell latex particles can achieve film formation without the addition of a coalescing aid, while preserving sufficient film hardness. Achieving optimal performance in these materials requires an understanding of how particle morphology affects film formation and stress development in the film. In this study, soft-core/hard-shell latex particles with different shell ratios, core and shell glass transition temperatures (T g s), and particle sizes (63-177 nm) were synthesized using a two-stage emulsion polymerization. The film formation behavior of the composite particles was investigated with cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and measurements of the minimum film formation temperature (MFFT). Results show that film formation was enhanced for particles with thinner hard shells, smaller particle size, and a smaller difference in T g between the core and shell polymers. For example, the MFFT decreased and the particle deformation increased for particles with thinner shells and smaller particle sizes. Stress development during drying was characterized using a cantilever beam bending technique. A walled cantilever design was used to monitor stress development without the complication of a lateral drying front. The film formation behavior and stress development correlated well with practical paint properties like scrub resistance and gloss.

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“…Dry film thicknesses were measured by a scanning profilometer (Bruker DektakXT), and are accurate to 10%. Dispersions of charge-stabilized colloidal polystyrene latex (described elsewhere [17,24]) were used, with particle radii a of 49, 58, 72, and 99 nm (Brookhaven ZetaPALS, dynamic light scattering, 5% accuracy), polydispersities up to 15%, and solid volume fraction of 10 AE 1%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity and Fracture in Drying Colloidal Films

2013

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Cracks in drying colloidal dispersions are typically modeled by elastic fracture mechanics, which assumes that all strains are linear, elastic, and reversible. We tested this assumption in films of a hard latex, by intermittently blocking evaporation over a drying film, thereby relieving the film stress. Here we show that although the deformation around a crack tip has some features of brittle fracture, only 20%-30% of the crack opening is relieved when it is unloaded. Atomic force micrographs of crack tips also show evidence of plastic deformation, such as microcracks and particle rearrangement. Finally, we present a simple scaling argument showing that the yield stress of a drying colloidal film is generally comparable to its maximum capillary pressure, and thus that the plastic strain around a crack will normally be significant. This also suggests that a film's fracture toughness may be increased by decreasing the interparticle adhesion.

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Effect of film thickness and particle size on cracking stresses in drying latex films

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Use in High‐Energy Cells: Influence of Electrode Thickness on Drying Time, Adhesion, and Crack Formation

Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Use in High‐Energy Cells: Influence of Electrode Thickness on Drying Time, Adhesion, and Crack Formation

Stress development and film formation in multiphase composite latexes

Plasticity and Fracture in Drying Colloidal Films

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