Effect of flame retardants on mechanical properties, flammability and foamability of PP/wood–fiber composites

Zhang, Zhen Xiu; Jin, Zhang; Lu, Bing‐Xue; Xin, Zhen Xiang; Kang, Chang Ki; Kim, Jin Kuk

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.06.020

Cited by 199 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Then, it was washed and rinsed by using water and dried for 6 hours at 100 o C. The working temperature for the extrusion during compounding was set at 180 o C at the die head and was increased to 186 o C at the feed section with 50RPM. The process method was adapted from a previous study [29]. The extruded strands were then dried by blowing air before being pelletised.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced floreon biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide filler

Lee¹,

Sapuan²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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This paper presents a study of the mechanical properties of Kenaf fibre (KF) reinforced floreon (FLO)/ magnesium hydroxide (MH) bio-composites. The mixing of all materials was done by using a 21 mm lab twin screw extruder followed by hot pressing. The composite sheet was then cut into specimens for testing purposes. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the cross-section of the interface. In this regard, insufficient resin for fibre wetting, hydrolytic degradation on the biopolymer and poor interfacial bonding were attributed to the low strength profile. Yet, further addition of KF increased the tensile strength and flexural to 18.91 MPa and 73.09MPa, respectively. Nevertheless, inserting KF and MH filler were found to have a positive outcome on the flexural modulus by especially 10KF5MH and 10KF10MH for 3.02GPa and 3.17GPa, respectively. Insertion of KF and MH showed the deterioration of impact strength. However, addition of KF increased the impact strength to 16.82 J/m 2 . FLO is a hydrophobic biopolymer, and showed only 0.49% of the total water absorption in 14 days. Meanwhile, for the first 24 hours, the rates of water absorption were very high for all biocomposites. Hence, it is worth mentioning that the high contents of KF in bio-composites were found to have higher saturation period and higher total amount of water absorption while the MH caused shorter saturation period but lower total amount of water absorption. However, incompatibility of the interface bonding had increased the water absorption of KF/FLO/MH composites. 5KF5MH and 10KF5MH recorded water absorption at 10.65% and 13.33%. On the other hand, 10KF10MH was saturated at day 6 with 6.59 % of water absorption. Although 10KF5MH specimen did not have the best performance in mechanical properties, higher flame retardancy shall provide KF reinforced FLO composite with MH filler for more applications in the advanced sector, especially a hazardous environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced floreon biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide filler

Lee¹,

Sapuan²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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“…The heat release rate measured by cone calorimeter is a very important parameter as it expresses the intensity of fire [53,70]. Moreover, the time to reach HRR max value provides information on the material contributing to the first stage of fire development.…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very little attention is paid to flammability of lignocellulosic filler/polypropylene composites [49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Only a few papers [49,52,53] discuss the effect of the flame retardants on the flammability of wood/polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few papers [49,52,53] discuss the effect of the flame retardants on the flammability of wood/polymer composites. Yap et al [49] studied the effects of phosphonates on the flame retarding properties of wood-polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sain et al [50] found that magnesium hydroxide can effectively reduce the flammability of natural fibre-filled polypropylene composites. Zhang et al [53] investigated the effect of ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retarding characteristics of wood-fibre/polypropylene composites. Nayak et al [54] noted that the composites with the sisal fibre showed lower burning rate than that of polypropylene matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The thermo-oxidative stability and flammability of wood/polypropylene composites

Borysiak

2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The main aim of the study was to evaluate the thermo-oxidative stability and flammability of wood/polypropylene composites. The composites were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding with chemical modification of wood in order to improve adhesion. The composites were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry and cone calorimetry, providing such parameters as the oxidation induction time and a few parameters describing flammability, e.g. time to ignition, heat release rate, mass loss rate, heat of combustion, specific extinction area and emission of toxic gases. The results illustrate a considerable effect of the presence of wood and chemical modifications of lignocellulosic filler on the thermo-oxidative stability and character of combustion of the composites studied. The information provided in the paper contributes towards the correct choice of chemical modification of wood that would improve mechanical properties of the composites and towards getting composite materials of target thermo-oxidative stability and flammability.

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Effect of Fiber Length on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Nanobiocomposites Reinforced with Kenaf Fiber and Nanoclay

Sim

Han

2014

Nanocellulose Polymer Nanocomposites

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Effect of flame retardants on mechanical properties, flammability and foamability of PP/wood–fiber composites

Cited by 199 publications

References 43 publications

Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced floreon biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide filler

Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced floreon biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide filler

The thermo-oxidative stability and flammability of wood/polypropylene composites

Effect of Fiber Length on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Nanobiocomposites Reinforced with Kenaf Fiber and Nanoclay

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