Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Li, Lingou; Li, Hanzhang; Gao, Yinghong; Vafaei, Somayeh; Zhang, Xingyu; Yang, Mei

doi:10.1039/d2fo02566c

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…Administration of flaxseed resulted in depletion of serum marker enzymes and exhibited recoupment thus showing significant hepatoprotective effect. This result is also in agreement with other study [63].…”

Section: Analysis On Lipid Profilesupporting

confidence: 94%

Determination of Antihypergycemic Effect of Flaxseed (L. usititatissimum) Fractions on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Abigail,

Godwin,

Uduakobong

et al. 2023

AJRB

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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose level. Flaxseed is one of the functional foods used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fractions of Flaxseed on albino diabetic rats, and diabetes was induced using streptozotocin. The fractions were obtained using solvents with increasing polarity, namely n-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Methanol, and Water. The presence of various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, balsam, carbohydrates, phenols, and resins, were identified. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the methanolic fraction contained the highest concentration of bioactive components, followed by the aqueous fraction. Significant reductions in blood glucose levels were observed across the groups treated with the Flaxseed fractions. The methanolic fraction exhibited the highest antihyperglycemic property (5.90±0.536), followed by the aqueous fraction (8.73±0.536). The hexane fraction ranked next to the aqueous fraction (20.50±1.617), while the ethylacetate fraction had the least antihyperglycemic effect (23.60±0.731). However, the protein and albumin biomarkers showed significant increase across all treatment groups. The Flaxseed fractions also demonstrated antihyperlipidemic properties, with the methanolic fraction being the most potent. Additionally, the treatment groups exhibited improved kidney function biomarkers, serum enzyme levels, and electrolyte levels. Based on the results of this investigation, Flaxseed proves to be a potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic food. Moreover, the methanolic fraction demonstrated the greatest ameliorative effect, followed by the aqueous fraction.

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Section: Analysis On Lipid Profilesupporting

confidence: 94%

Determination of Antihypergycemic Effect of Flaxseed (L. usititatissimum) Fractions on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Abigail,

Godwin,

Uduakobong

et al. 2023

AJRB

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“…Dietary flaxseed has been shown to induce cardioprotective effects in both experimental animal studies [ 13 , 15 , 17 , 20 ] and human clinical trials [ 21 ]. It was hypothesized in the present study that dietary supplementation with flaxseed may also protect against liver disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Parikh,

Hirst,

O’Hara

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a significant cause of chronic liver disease, presents a considerable public health concern. Despite this, there is currently no treatment available. This study aimed to investigate dietary flaxseed in the JCR:LA-corpulent rat strain model of NAFLD. Both obese male and female rats were studied along with their lean counterparts after 12 weeks of ingestion of a control diet, or control diet with flaxseed, or high fat, high sucrose (HFHS), or HFHS plus flaxseed. Obese rats showed higher liver weight and increased levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and saturated fatty acid, which were further elevated in rats on the HFHS diet. The HFHS diet induced a significant two-fold elevation in the plasma levels of both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the obese male and female rats. Including flaxseed in the HFHS diet significantly lowered liver weight, depressed the plasma levels of both enzymes in the obese male rats, and reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content as well as improving the fatty acid profile. In summary, including flaxseed in the diet of male and female obese rats led to an improved lipid composition in the liver and significantly reduced biomarkers of tissue injury despite consuming a HFHS chow.

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“…Moreover, findings from randomized controlled trials administering nuts as intervention arm confirm their potential effects on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [ 149 ]. Concerning seeds, only a minority of studies have been conducted on commercial products, such as sesame [ 150 , 151 ], fenugreek [ 152 ], and flaxseeds [ 153 , 154 ] reporting significant effects of markers of inflammation and CVD risk factors, albeit not with univocal result [ 155 – 157 ]. These energy-rich foods are characterized by richness in essential fatty acids and fiber that may be responsible for their cholesterol-lowering properties [ 158 ].…”

Section: Underrated Aspects Of the Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Godos,

Scazzina,

Paternò Castello

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Over the last decades, the Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health and undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated the role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns on human health all around the world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define the Mediterranean diet? The myriad of dietary scores synthesizes the nutritional content of a Mediterranean-type diet, but a variety of aspects are generally unexplored when studying the adherence to this dietary pattern. Among dietary factors, the main characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, such as consumption of fruit and vegetables, olive oil, and cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, such as the following: (i) specific reference to whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering the consumption of legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices often untested when exploring the adherence to the Mediterranean diet; (iii) consumption of eggs and dairy products as common foods consumed in the Mediterranean region (irrespectively of the modern demonization of dietary fat intake). Another main feature of the Mediterranean diet includes (red) wine consumption, but more general patterns of alcohol intake are generally unmeasured, lacking specificity concerning the drinking occasion and intensity (i.e., alcohol drinking during meals). Among other underrated aspects, cooking methods are rather simple and yet extremely varied. Several underrated aspects are related to the quality of food consumed when the Mediterranean diet was first investigated: foods are locally produced, minimally processed, and preserved with more natural methods (i.e., fermentation), strongly connected with the territory with limited and controlled impact on the environment. Dietary habits are also associated with lifestyle behaviors, such as sleeping patterns, and social and cultural values, favoring commensality and frugality. In conclusion, it is rather reductive to consider the Mediterranean diet as just a pattern of food groups to be consumed decontextualized from the social and geographical background of Mediterranean culture. While the methodologies to study the Mediterranean diet have demonstrated to be useful up to date, a more holistic approach should be considered in future studies by considering the aforementioned underrated features and values to be potentially applied globally through the concept of a “Planeterranean” diet.

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Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract: Supplementation with various flaxseed products significantly reduced blood pressure levels.

Cited by 9 publications

References 80 publications

Determination of Antihypergycemic Effect of Flaxseed (L. usititatissimum) Fractions on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Determination of Antihypergycemic Effect of Flaxseed (L. usititatissimum) Fractions on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

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