Effect of Floods on Village Spatial Structure and Hierarchy – Hahoe Village, Korea

Abstract

The development of the spatial structure of a traditional Korean village and its social hierarchy is analysed using a river engineering approach to determine the relevance of river flooding and examine how floods have transformed the landscape around the village. The subject focuses on the village of Hahoe, which was registered as a World Heritage Site in August 2010 for its well-preserved traditional architecture and beautiful natural landscape. The village is located on a small plain surrounded by mountains and within a loop of the serpentine Nakdong River. As a riverside village surrounded by water on three sides, its development is assumed to have been influenced by flooding, but no study has previously investigated the correlation between village development and inundations.

Climate Change and UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties: A Systematic Review, 2008–2021

“…Case study approaches included articles focused on a single case and those which considered two or more cases. Most analysed risks caused by climate change hazards and the vulnerability of cultural WHP e.g., [33,[37][38][39] and sought to advance knowledge about cultural heritage management and conservation e.g., [6,40].…”

“…Articles using quantitative methods (n = 21, 36.2%) incorporated surveys and sampling (n = 8, 13.8%), modelling (n = 7, 12.8%), GIS and remote sensing (n = 6, 10.3%) and, with far less representation, questionnaires (n = 4) and simulations (n = 2). Less common were mixed method approaches (n = 7, 12.8%), which involved a combination of interviews and questionnaire surveys e.g., [6,47], surveys, modelling and secondary data [48], archaeological sampling and secondary data [49], and modelling and secondary data [37].…”

“…Figure 6 demonstrates that a proportion of articles explicitly refer to the past (n = 14, 24%). These articles considered how climate change hazards affected cultural WHP, and how past knowledge and lessons could be integrated into the adaptation and mitigation plans relating to climate change e.g., [36][37][38]. A smaller number specified a focus on the past to the future (n = 3, 5%), and concentrated on analysing past impacts while also proposing possible scenarios for heritage management and conservation in the future e.g., [5,50,51].…”

“…In the more recent years covered by the review period, articles offering adaptation measures for heritage management and conservation have increased, including those that propose mapping and modelling for hazard and vulnerability assessment (n = 11) e.g., [33,54,55]. The focus on adaptation measures also incorporates studies that emphasise the importance of past knowledge (n = 7) e.g., [37,39,56] as well as the necessity of a more integrated approach (n = 8) e.g., [3,21,47]. Other articles (n = 5) point to the critical role of local communities in addressing the climate crisis and the need to draw on their wisdom in heritage management and conservation e.g., [6,32,33,48].…”

“…The sample indicates the most significant adaptation barriers to be collaboration and cooperation between various stakeholders and institutions (n = 9) e.g., [3,33,42,57,58], methodology (n = 8) e.g., [34,51,54,61] and policy and regulation challenges (n = 6) e.g., [33,48,62]. Barriers relating to management capacity (n = 4), community (n = 3) and finance (n = 2) appear in a smaller number of articles e.g., [3,6,37,63].…”