Effect of flow fields and humidification of reactant and oxidant on the performance of scaled‐up PEM‐FC using CFD code

Selvaraj, A.; Rajagopal, Thundil Karuppa Raj

doi:10.1002/er.4750

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The numerical work was carried out at various cell voltages ranging from 0 V to 0.95 V under different hydrogen and oxygen humidification [36]. The dataset was considered with 10%, 50%, and 100% humidity levels with different flow channel designs likes two serpentine, three serpentine, serpentine zigzag, straight parallel, and straight zigzag [6]. The experimental study was conducted based on humidity levels.…”

Section: Data Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, this present work will contribute significantly to the existing literature by giving an in-depth analysis of scaled-up PEMFC and all other factors which affect its performance by evaluating some novel flow-field designs that numerically use CFD. A real-time numerical data analysis was implemented by [6] to enhance the performance of PEMFC with various designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Optimized Data Analysis on a Real-Time Application of PEM Fuel Cell Design by Using Machine Learning Algorithms

et al. 2022

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In recent years, machine learning algorithms have been applied in many real-time applications. Crises in the energy sector are the primary challenges experienced today among all countries across the globe, regardless of their economic status. There is a huge demand to acquire and produce environmentally friendly renewable energy and to distribute and utilize it efficiently because of its huge production cost. PEMFC are known for their energy efficiency and comparatively low cost, and can be an alternative energy source. The efficiency of these PEMFC can still be enhanced with the help of advanced technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence, as they provide an optimal solution to explore the hidden knowledge from the generated data. The proposed model attempts to compare several design techniques with varied humidity levels. To enhance the performance of PEMFC, the various humidification processes were considered during the experimental study. The humidification reduces the heat during energy generation and increases the performance of PEM fuel cell. The humidity levels such as 100%, 50%, and 10% were considered to be tested with the machine learning models. The SVMR, LR, and KNN algorithms were tested and observed with the RMSE value as the evaluation parameters. The observed results show that SVMR has an RMSE rate of 0.0046, the LR method has an RMSE rate of 0.0034, and KNN has an RMSE rate of 0.004. The analysis shows that the LR model provides better accuracy than other models. The LR model enhances the PEMFC performance.

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Section: Data Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimized Data Analysis on a Real-Time Application of PEM Fuel Cell Design by Using Machine Learning Algorithms

et al. 2022

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“…Chowdhury and Akansu (2017) developed a novel design of convergent and divergent flow channels and showed that the performance of convergent and divergent flow channels outperformed the conventional serpentine flow channel, which was 19%-27% higher than the two conventional serpentine flow channels. Selvaraj and Rajagopal Thundil Karuppa (2019) compared the parallel, 2serpentine, 3-serpentine, serpentine zigzag, and straight zigzag flow channels and found that the power density of the straight zigzag flow was 55.4% and 11.74% higher than that of the parallel and serpentine zigzag flow channels. Liao et al (2021a) and Liao et al (2021b) analyzed zigzag parallel and conventional parallel flow channels and revealed that the zigzag flow channel could enhance mass transport along the flow direction in-between the underneath-land and underneath-channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell With Zigzag Flow Channels

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Therm. Eng.

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Reasonable flow channel designs play a significant role in improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The effect of the zigzag flow channels with three different numbers of turns on the performance of PEMFC was investigated in this paper. The polarization curves, molar concentration of oxygen and water, and power density were analyzed, and the numerical results showed that the overall performance of the zigzag flow channels was significantly better than that of the conventional parallel flow channel. With the increase of the number of turns from 3 to 9, the performance of PEMFC was gradually improved, the diffusion capacity of oxygen to the interface of the electrochemical reaction was also promoted, and the low oxygen concentration regions were gradually reduced. When the number of turns was 9, the current density of PEMFC was 8.85% higher than that of the conventional parallel channel at the operating voltage of 0.4 V, and the oxygen non-uniformity at the between gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL) interface was the minimum with a value of 0.51. In addition, the molar concentration of water in the channel also decreased. Due to the relatively large resistance of the zigzag flow channels, the maximum pressure drop of the zigzag flow channel was 263.5 Pa, which was also conducive to the improvement of the drainage effect of the conventional parallel flow channel. With the increase of the number of turns in the zigzag channel, the pressure drop and parasitic power density gradually increased. The 9-zigzag flow channel obtained the maximum pressure drop and net power density, which were 263.5 Pa and 2995.6 W/m2, respectively.

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“…Moreover, PEMFC operates at lower temperatures than other types of fuel cells. Therefore, it can be used in various applications, including portable devices, automobiles, and stationary energy systems 1‐13 . So, a drastic increase in the application of PEMFC is observed in the past decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, a drastic increase in the application of PEMFC is observed in the past decade. However, most of the researchers focus on materials' characterization 2,14‐22 and the effects of operation parameters on cell performance 11,12,23‐28 . Components of a PEMFC include bipolar plates (BP), gas diffusion layers (GDL), microporous layers (MPL), catalyst layers (CL), and a proton‐exchange membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of assembling method and force on the performance of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells with metal foam flow field

et al. 2020

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Recently, highly porous metal foams have been used to replace the traditional open-flow channels to improve gas transport and distribution in the cells. Deformation of flow plate, gas diffusion layer (GDL), and metal foam may occur during assembling. When the cell size is small, the deformation may not be significant. For large area cells, the deformation may become significant to affect the cell performance. In this study, an assembling device that is capable of applying uniform clamping force is built to facilitate fuel cell assembling and alleviate the deformation. A compressing plate that is the same size of the active area is used to apply uniform clamping force before surrounding bolts are fastened. Therefore, bending of the flow plate and deformation of GDL and metal foam can be minimized. Effects of the clamping force on the microstructures of GDL and metal foam, various resistances, pressure drops, and cell performance are investigated. Distribution of the contact pressure between metal foam and GDL is measured by using pressure sensitive films. Field-emission scanning electron microscope is used to observe the microstructures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis is used measure resistances. The fuel cell performance is measured by using a fuel cell test system. For the cell design used in this study, the optimum clamping force is found to be 200 kgf. Using this optimum clamping force, the cell performance can be enhanced by 50%, as compared with that of the cell assembled without using clamping plates. With appropriate clamping force, the compression force distribution across the entire cell area can approach uniform. This enables uniform flow distribution and reduces mass transfer resistance. Good contact between GDL and metal foam also lowers the interface resistance. All these factors contribute to the enhanced cell performance.

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Effect of flow fields and humidification of reactant and oxidant on the performance of scaled‐up PEM‐FC using CFD code

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

An Optimized Data Analysis on a Real-Time Application of PEM Fuel Cell Design by Using Machine Learning Algorithms

An Optimized Data Analysis on a Real-Time Application of PEM Fuel Cell Design by Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Numerical Investigation on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell With Zigzag Flow Channels

Effects of assembling method and force on the performance of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells with metal foam flow field

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