Effect of fluoride and hydroxyl group on bioactivity of the anodized films prepared by two‐step anodization at low current density

Abstract

Titanium and its alloys are promising dental implant materials. In order to improve the bioactivity of the anodized films, the two‐step anodization was performed to produce the films. The steps were performed at 0.2 mA/cm2 for 30 min in electrolytes containing H3PO4/C2H5OH and H3PO4/C2H5OH/NH4F, respectively. The anodized films were soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The effects of surface roughness, hydroxyl groups, fluoride, and hydrophilicity groups on the bioactivity were investigated and were found on the anodized films formed under two‐step anodization using 1 M H3PO4 + 80% V/V C2H5OH + 0.75 wt% NH4F. The bioactivity evaluation showed that the combination of two‐step anodization in NH4F as an electrolyte induced a formation of apatite on the anodized films. The surface roughness, hydroxyl groups, and fluoride formed on the hydrophilic anodized films are found to be responsible for the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite during SBF soaking. This will be useful in various biomedical applications especially in dental implant procedures.

Research progress of metal biomaterials with potential applications as cardiovascular stents and their surface treatment methods to improve biocompatibility

“…Fluorination is a common technique or pretreatment used to optimize the degradation kinetic and enhance the biocompatibility of alloy implants [ 113 ], which has shown to be suitable for complex structures such as cardiovascular stents [ 114 ]. Fluorinated biomaterials have been used to obtain antibacterial activity and cell compatibility, promoting cell proliferation and activation [ 108 ].…”

Effect of annealing temperature on the TiO2 anodized films properties for dental implant application

“…The TiO2 films were used as biomaterials due to their non-toxicity and biocompatibility [1][2][3]. They are known for their wide range of applications, including surface self-cleaning [4], oil-water separation, and biomaterials [5][6][7][8]. The hydrophilicity of biomaterial surfaces plays a crucial role in protein adsorption and cellular adhesion.…”

“…The hydrophilicity [9] of biomaterial surfaces affects protein adsorption and cellular adhesion in biological systems [10]. As a result, one of the most essential features of biomaterials is surface hydrophilicity [7,[11][12][13].…”

“…The hydrophilicity [9] of biomaterial surfaces affects protein adsorption and cellular adhesion in biological systems [10]. As a result, one of the most essential features of biomaterials is surface hydrophilicity [7,[11][12][13]. According to certain studies, surface hydrophilicity is influenced by surface chemistry, free energy, and surface roughness [14,15].…”