Effect of fluoride containing bleaching agents on enamel surface properties

Chen, Hui Ping; Chang, Chih Han; Liu, Jia Kuang; Chuang, Shu Fen; Yang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.05.003

Cited by 120 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Fluoridated bleaching agents are expected to reduce the adverse effects of tooth whitening. 4 However, this needs to be verified in future investigations. In this study we preferred to use recently developed bleaching agents that represent the latest trend in cosmetic dentistry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3 At-home bleaching is a method by which the patient fills a custom-designed tray with bleaching material (10% to 35% CP, resulting in 3.35% to 10.6% HP) that is worn for several hours each day for two to eight weeks. The benefits achieved with tray-based systems are widely known 4 : lower incidence of tooth sensitivity or gingival irritation; achievement of the same whitening results offered by higher concentration agents; and safety and efficacy of CP. This corresponds to the fact that macroscopically or clinically visible damage due to vital bleaching has not been described in the literature so far, although it is reported 5 that bleaching of nonvital teeth using the walking bleach technique involves the risk of development of external cervical resorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Cakir¹,

Korkmaz²,

Fırat³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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Bleaching procedures with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide may influence the chemical composition of enamel and dentin. SUMMARYPurpose: To determine the change in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin as well as to evaluate the differences in surface texture of the same dental hard tissues following three at-home bleaching systems in vitro.Methods: Sixty extracted intact human anterior teeth were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used as samples for enamel, and the buccal surfaces of the remaining 30 teeth were abraded and used as dentin samples. Prior to bleaching treatments, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), fluoride (F), and oxygen (O) levels of each sample were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer. The teeth were then randomly allocated into three groups according to the bleaching system used, as follows: GI, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); GII, 20% CP; GIII, and 35% CP. Following the bleaching treatments, Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, F, and O measurements were repeated. The surface configurations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by the Dunn test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Cakir¹,

Korkmaz²,

Fırat³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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show abstract

“…7 In addition, the attempt to reduce the demineralization of bleached enamel has been successfully accomplished by means of adding fluorides to bleaching agents. [23][24] A fluoridated bleaching gel can also reduce the time needed for bleached enamel hardness to recover, compared with unfluoridated gel 20 by means of the fluoridated hydroxyapatite and calcium fluoride formation, which are favorable to the remineralization process of the tooth surface. 25 In the current study, the addition of fluoride to the bleaching gel significantly enhanced the microhardness of the enamel compared to the bleaching group.…”

Section: 21-22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Potentially Remineralizing Agents on Bleached Enamel Microhardness

Borges¹,

Samezima²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2009

Operative Dentistry

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SUMMARYThis study investigated the effect of the addition of calcium and fluoride into a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel on enamel surface and subsurface microhardness. Twenty extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain enamel fragments and they were divided into four groups (n=20) according to the bleaching treatment. Group 1 received no bleaching procedure (control). Group 2 was treated with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Total Bleach), Groups 3 and 4 were bleached with Total Bleach modified by the addition of sodium fluoride and calcium chloride, respectively. The microhardness of the enamel surface was assessed using a Vickers microdurometer immediately after the bleaching treatment. The specimens were sectioned in the central portion, polished and evaluated to determine the microhardness of the enamel subsurface to a depth of 125 µm, with an interval of 25 µm between measures. There were significant differences among the groups. In terms of surface microhardness, the bleached group exhibited the lowest means, and the calcium-modified bleached group exhibited the highest means. Regarding subsurface microhardness, there were no significant differences among the groups for the depth and interaction factors. The bleached group exhibited the lowest means, and the calcium-modified bleached group presented the highest means. It was concluded that the bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the surface and subsurface microhardness of the enamel, and the addition of Clinical RelevanceDentists should be aware of the enamel demineralization potential of 35% hydrogen peroxide. The addition of fluoride and calcium can enhance remineralization of surface and subsurface bleached enamel.fluoride and calcium in the bleaching agent increased the microhardness means of the bleached enamel.

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“…The investigation and comparison of different prevention methods, including fluoridation, will determine which phosphorusand calcium-containing agents promote the recovery of dental enamel [11,15,[19][20][21][22][23]. The prophylactic efficiency of exogenous methods, namely tooth brushing, gel application and laser irradiation, has been demonstrated [20,21,[24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dentifrice provide the necessary saturation of ions in oral fluids to favour remineralisation?

Seredin¹,

Goloshchapov²,

Yuri³

et al. 2018

Russ Open Med J

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Background -Changes in the molecular composition of mixed human saliva using endogenous and exogenous methods of caries prevention were studied and the duration of these changes in relation to the initial state of the oral fluid was determined. Material and Methods -In total, 200 European healthy, addiction-free, university-educated males and females, aged 22-30 were recruited for the study. Participants collected their mixed saliva samples after the use of a multi-mineral toothpaste (exogenous prevention) and after three days of taking a calcium glycerophosphate tablet (endogenous prevention). In the first stage of the study, samples of mixed saliva were analysed by infrared (IR) lab spectrometer and equipment of infrared microspectroscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron (Victoria, Australia) was used in the second stage of study. Results -Based on the experimental data obtained by IR-spectroscopy technique, the mineral/organic and carbon/phosphate ratios were calculated. The changes in the organic mineral balance of the oral cavity induced by these two preventive methods were analysed. The statistical significance of the results for the confidence level of p is indicated. The data shows that changes in the molecular composition of mixed saliva when using an exogenous method of caries prevention only provides a short-term effect, continuing for the first 30 minutes after the preceding prevention. Moreover, calcium glycerophosphate tablets can change the organic-mineral balance in mixed saliva, increasing the content of mineral groups and complexes. The content of endogenous, biologically accessible phosphate groups and complexes in the mixed saliva exceeds by approximately 12% that of the mixed saliva before the use of the prevention agents. Conclusion -Use of calcium glycerophosphate tablets in combination with brushing (a combination of endogenous and exogenous prevention methods) leads to the long-term presence of high concentrations of ions, mineral complexes and groups (phosphates) in the oral fluid.

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Effect of fluoride containing bleaching agents on enamel surface properties

Cited by 120 publications

References 32 publications

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Influence of Potentially Remineralizing Agents on Bleached Enamel Microhardness

Does dentifrice provide the necessary saturation of ions in oral fluids to favour remineralisation?

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