Effect of flux density and the presence of additives in ATIG welding of austenitic stainless steel

Modenesi, Paulo José; Neto, Pedro Colen; Apolinário, Eustáquio Roberto; Dias, Kássia Batista

doi:10.1080/09507116.2014.932982

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It eliminates the need for edge preparation, increases the penetration depth, and reduces the number of weld pass [ 1 , 2 ]. Three mechanisms have been proposed; the increase in ATIG weld penetration can be attributed to the reversal of Marangoni convection [ 3 , 4 ]. The second mechanism is the arc constriction proposed by D. S. Howse et al [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

et al. 2021

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In this study, the effects of pseudo-ternary oxides on mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L stainless steel tungsten inert gas (TIG) and activating tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welded joints were investigated. The novelty in this work is introducing a metaheuristic technique called the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to develop a mathematical model of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in terms of proportions of oxides flux. A constrained optimization algorithm available in Matlab 2020 optimization toolbox is used to find the optimal percentages of the selected powders that provide the maximum UTS. The study indicates that the optimal composition of flux was: 32% Cr2O3, 43% ZrO2, 8% Si2O, and 17% CaF2. The UTS was 571 MPa for conventional TIG weld and rose to 600 MPa for the optimal ATIG flux. The obtained result of hardness for the optimal ATIG was 176 HV against 175 HV for conventional TIG weld. The energy absorbed in the weld zone during the impact test was 267 J/cm2 for the optimal ATIG weld and slightly higher than that of conventional TIG weld 256 J/cm2. Fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows ductile fracture for ATIG weld with small and multiple dimples in comparison for TIG weld. Moreover, the depth of optimized flux is greater than that of TIG weld by two times. The ratio D/W was improved by 3.13 times. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows traces of the sulfur element in the TIG weld zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

et al. 2021

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“…Reported information available in open literature is either on commercially available fluxes or on mono and binary component fluxes and not on multicomponent fluxes especially, ternary fluxes. Though Modenesi et al [15] studied the effect of addition of KClO 4 and Al 2 O 3 to Cr 2 O 3 flux, they did not vary the compositions of the fluxes systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated TIG welding of AISI 304L using mono- and tri-component fluxes

Venkatesan

Muthupandi

Justine

2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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A-TIG welding employs a thin flux layer coated on the surface area to be welded. The flux can be like oxides, chlorides, and/or fluorides. A-TIG welding improves the productivity by enhancing the depth of penetration (DoP) significantly by arc constriction and/or by reversal of Marangoni force. Autogenous Activated-TIG welding employing two monocomponent fluxes viz., SiO 2 and TiO 2 , and tricomponent fluxes comprising SiO 2 , TiO 2 , and Cr 2 O 3 was performed to study their effect on the bead profile of the welds of AISI 304 L. The results were analyzed using Minitab 16 software, and a regression equation giving the effect of composition of the tricomponent fluxes on the DoP was developed. Through optimization, a flux composition to yield the maximum DoP was identified. Results of this study showed that the arc constriction was the dominant mechanism causing the improvement in the penetration. With the optimized flux 82 % raise in DoP was achieved.

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“…This flux ratio gave the optimum oxygen atom amount in the pool. When the oxygen amount exceeded the optimal limit a thin oxide layer formed on the pool surface which decreased the weld penetration [19]. The fall of the penetration thickness happened as the TiO 2 /Acetone volume ratio exceeded the 0.17 ratio limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The bombing effect of the electrons becomes bigger by extending the arc length from 1 mm to 3 mm as shown in Figure 5. The electron speed, the anode diameter and the temperature of the anode increased with the arc length exceeds 3 mm arc length [19]. Then the penetration decrease because the anode diameter enlarges [20] and the efficiency of the welding heat transfer to the work piece decreases [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of welding parameters on penetration depth in mild steels A-TIG welding

Kurtulmuş

2018

Scientia Iranica

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A-TIG welding is a welding method in which TIG welding is conducted by covering a thin layer of activating flux on the weld bead beforehand. The most benefit of this process is the gain in weld penetration depth. A-TIG welds were produced on mild steel plates with TiO 2 flux. The emphasis of this paper lies in introducing the effects of various process parameters (welding current, welding speed, powder/acetone ratio of the flux, arc length and electrode angle) in mild steel A-TIG welding. The weld penetration depth was the measured metallographically. An optimum value was determined for each welding parameter.

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Effect of flux density and the presence of additives in ATIG welding of austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and ATIG Welded 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel with Multi-Components Flux Optimization Using Mixing Design Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

Activated TIG welding of AISI 304L using mono- and tri-component fluxes

Effects of welding parameters on penetration depth in mild steels A-TIG welding

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