Effect of food deprivation on glutathione and amino acid levels in brain and liver of young and aged rats

Benuck, M.; Banay‐Schwartz, M.; DeGuzman, T.; Lajtha, Ábel

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00204-4

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 1 demonstrates the response of liver cysteine and GSH to dietary protein; 4% and 7.5% dietary protein are below the requirement of cells to handle oxidative stress. In contrast to our work, Benuck et al (1995) reported no change in total GSH concentration of brain cortex, cerebellum, or pons medulla in response to a 48 h fast in either young or aged rats. It will be of interest to determine whether the effects on brain GSH metabolism induced by an acute, severe sulfur amino acid deficiency or a chronic moderate protein deficiency exacerbates tissue damage in an animal model of hypoxia-ischemia.…”

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Gshcontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Cysteine is the limiting amino acid for GSH synthesis, and the sulfur amino acid content of the diet is a major determinant of GSH concentration in tissues such as liver (Taylor et al, 1996). The GSH concentration of tissues such as lung and liver is decreased by fasting, low-protein diets, or diets limiting in sulfur amino acids (Bauman et al, 1988a;Benuck et al, 1995;Taylor et al, 1992). The response of liver GSH to dietary protein is found only in the physiological range, with no further increase with excessive dietary protein (Bauman et al, 1988a;Hum et al, 1992).…”

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Gshmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nutritional regulation of glutathione in stroke

Paterson

Juurlink

1999

neurotox res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In contrast to cardiovascular disease, the impact of nutritional status on the prevention and outcome of stroke has received limited investigation. We present a mechanism based on animal studies, clinical data, and epidemiological data by which protein-energy status in the acute stroke and immediate postinjury periods may affect outcome by regulating reduced glutathione (GSH), a key component of antioxidant defense. As cysteine is the limiting amino acid for GSH synthesis, the GSH concentration of a number of nonneural tissues has been shown to be decreased by fasting, low-protein diets, or diets limiting in sulfur amino acids. The mechanism may also be relevant in brain since GSH in some brain regions is responsive to dietary sulfur amino acid supply and to the pro-cysteine drug, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate. The latter is an intracellular cysteine delivery system used to overcome the toxicity associated with cysteine supplementation. These findings may provide the mechanism to explain both the inverse correlation between dietary protein and stroke mortality and the documented association between suboptimal protein-energy status and diminished functional status following a stroke. Future investigations should examine the role of nutritional intervention in neuroprotective strategies aimed at improving stroke outcome. Pharmacological interventions such as L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate should be investigated in animal models of stroke, as well as the impact of nutritional status on the response to these agents. Finally, micronutrient deficiencies that may accompany protein-energy malnutrition, such as selenium, should also be investigated for their role in antioxidant defense in cerebral ischemia.

show abstract

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Gshcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Gshmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutritional regulation of glutathione in stroke

Paterson

Juurlink

1999

neurotox res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This observation is consistent with other human MRS studies, reporting lower Glu concentrations in older age in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (Schubert et al 2004), motor cortex (Kaiser et al 2005), frontal white matter, parietal gray matter, and basal ganglia (Sailasuta et al 2006). Rodent studies also note an age-related decline in total Glu concentration measured in whole-brain extracts using either scintillation counting of injected radioactive glucose (de Koning-Verest 1980;Tyce and Wong 1980) or chromatography (Dawson et al 1989;Benuck et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autoradiography of postmortem rodent and human tissue demonstrates lower Glu receptor binding with older age in basal ganglia (Mitchell and Anderson 1998;Villares and Stavale 2001), cerebellum (Tsiotos et al 1989;Simonyi et al 2000), and hippocampus (Tamaru et al 1991;Court et al 1993). Chromatrographic assays detect age-related declines in total Glu concentration in homogenized rat cerebrum (Tyce and Wong 1980;Dawson et al 1989;Benuck et al 1995) but not autopsied putamen (Kornhuber et al 1993) or biopsied basal frontal, basal temporo-occipital, temporal, and parietal cortices (Knorle et al 1997) of human tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Striatal Glutamate Levels Underlie Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: Evidence from In Vivo Molecular Spectroscopy

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glutamate (Glu), the principal excitatory neurotransmitter of prefrontal cortical efferents, potentially mediates higher order cognitive processes, and its altered availability may underlie mechanisms of age-related decline in frontally based functions. Although animal studies support a role for Glu in age-related cognitive deterioration, human studies, which require magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in vivo measurement of this neurotransmitter, have been impeded because of the similarity of Glu's spectroscopic signature to those of neighboring spectral brain metabolites. Here, we used a spectroscopic protocol, optimized for Glu detection, to examine the effect of age in 3 brain regions targeted by cortical efferents-the striatum, cerebellum, and pons-and to test whether performance on frontally based cognitive tests would be predicted by regional Glu levels. Healthy elderly men and women had lower Glu in the striatum but not pons or cerebellum than young adults. In the combined age groups, levels of striatal Glu (but no other proton metabolite also measured) correlated selectively with performance on cognitive tests showing age-related decline. The selective relations between performance and striatal Glu provide initial and novel, human in vivo support for age-related modification of Glu levels as contributing to cognitive decline in normal aging.

show abstract

“…Hyperleptinemia is associated with oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) inactivation (Beltowski et al, 2004). This messenger has effect on serotonin (5-HT) which is influenced by hormonal status of the female rats (Diaz et al, 1997) and their metabolites (Benuck et al, 1995) are important neurotransmitters that actively participate in the control of appetite and body weight (Prunet et al, 2003). Based on this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of sibutramine and carnitine on the levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, GSH and lipid peroxidation in an animal model subjected to hypoproteic as well as normocaloric diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an anorexiant on levels of 5-HIAA and GSH in brain of well-nourished and malnourished rats

Guzmán¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the effect of sibutramine and carnitine on 5-HIAA and GSH levels in brain regions of malnourished rats was analyzed. Twenty-four rats were fed with a normal protein diet (23%) and another similar group with protein starvation diet (7%). The animals of both groups were re-assigned into four groups of 6 animals per group and treated for 10 days as follows: group 1, saline solution; group 2, sibutramine (10 mg/kg); group 3, carnitine (500 mg/kg); and group 4, sibutramine (10 mg/kg) + carnitine (500 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed at the end of treatment and their cerebrum, cortex, cerebellum and medulla oblongata were extracted to determine the levels of glucose, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). The corporal weights of animals fed with low protein diet were significantly lower than those on normal diet. The levels of 5-HIAA, TBARS, and GSH showed significant differences due to subitramine and carnitine effects, principally in cortex than in the rest of the brain areas of rats fed with low diet. Sibutramine and carnitine alter serotonergic metabolism in the brain regions of animals subjected to low protein diets. Reduction in oxidative stress may be involved in these effects.

show abstract

Effect of food deprivation on glutathione and amino acid levels in brain and liver of young and aged rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Nutritional regulation of glutathione in stroke

Nutritional regulation of glutathione in stroke

Low Striatal Glutamate Levels Underlie Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: Evidence from In Vivo Molecular Spectroscopy

Effect of an anorexiant on levels of 5-HIAA and GSH in brain of well-nourished and malnourished rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About