Effect of food supply on reproductive potential of <i>Eretmocerus warrae</i> (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae)

Abstract

Eretmocerus warrae (Naumann Schmit) is a thelytokous parasitoid of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) It was first detected in New Zealand in 1997 during a survey of greenhouses in Auckland Under 221C 605 RH and 168 h lightdark the effect of food supply on longevity host feeding fecundity and parasitism in E warrae was investigated with four treatments (1) no food and no host (2) 10 honey solution and no host (3) 40 2nd instar nymphs per day and no honey and (4) 40 2nd instar nymphs per day and 10 honey solution Results showed that parasitoids lived significantly longer when given honey but no host (88 days) than parasitoids given the other treatments (2555 days) (P

Host feeding and oviposition strategy of <i>Eretmocerus warrae</i> (Aphelinidae Hymenoptera) under different host densities

“…This process was repeated until she died. As E. warrae place their eggs between the venter of nymphs and leaf surface (Hanan et al 2009;2010), all nymphs were turned over to determine the presence or absence of eggs under the stereomicroscope (Leica MZ12, Germany). The daily and life time oviposition and host feeding patterns were determined by counting the numbers of eggs laid and hosts fed upon by the parasitoid.…”

“…The daily and life time oviposition and host feeding patterns were determined by counting the numbers of eggs laid and hosts fed upon by the parasitoid. Host feeding was recorded if the nymph body fluid was found to have effused as a result of penetration of the female ovipositor into the vasiform orifice of host nymphs (Hanan et al 2010). The longevity of adult parasitoids was also recorded.…”

“…It was first found in greenhouses in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1997(Workman et al 2008). This species is a pro-synovigenic parasitoid because its ovaries contain a limited number of mature eggs and it continues to feed on hosts and mature eggs throughout its life (Hanan et al 2010).…”

Masa hidup imago, progeni, dan kemampuan parasitisasi Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid kutu putih singkong

“…Karbohidrat merupakan sumber energi utama untuk kehidupan imago parasitoid serta produksi dan pematangan telur, khususnya parasitoid yang bersifat sinovigenik (Jervis et al 2008). Selain itu, bertambahnya masa hidup imago akibat pemberian madu memungkinkan parasitoid berhasil sintas sampai menemukan inang yang sesuai (Hanan et al 2010). Dalam penelitian ini keperidian A. lopezi dihitung berdasarkan mumi yang terbentuk, yaitu setara 204 butir.…”

“…Pada parasitoid Encarsia sophia Girault & Dodd dan Eretmocerus melanoscutus Zolnerowich & Rose (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), ketiadaan pakan (madu) dan inang selama 6 jam meningkatkan tingkat pengisapan inang dan parasitisasi serta masa hidup imago (Zang & Liu 2009;Zang & Liu 2010). Begitu pula Hanan et al (2015) melaporkan ketiadaan pakan dan inang selama 5 jam meningkatkan pengisapan inang, parasitisasi, dan masa hidup imago Eretmocerus warrae (Naumann & Schimdt), parasitoid kutu kebul Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Hal berbeda terjadi pada Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoid dari kutu loncat Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, ketiadaan inang selama 3 hari menurunkan parasitisasi (Tena et al 2017).…”