Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs

Sarchahi, Ali Asghar; Eskandari, Mehdi

doi:10.1007/s10792-018-0969-0

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…One recent study showed that tropicamide increased IOP in dogs by 8.8 ± 4.0 mmHg by 35 minutes post‐treatment compared to pre‐treatment, 31 while another study showed that the majority (60%) of dogs displayed 5 mmHg or less in IOP change post‐mydriasis 32 . Topical anesthetics, on the other hand, tend to reduce IOP readings 27,33,34 . However, attempts were made to reduce the overall effect of these medications on individual tonometer readings by randomization of the order with which each tonometer was used, and all readings were obtained within 10 minutes from the time of topical anesthetic and mydriatic application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure values using various tonometers in the dog

Guresh

Horvath

Gemensky-Metzler

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To compare intraocular pressure readings from three different tonometers, the Tono‐Pen AVIA® (TP), TonoVet® (TV) and TonoVet Plus® (TV+) and to determine how measurements from each tonometer are affected by central corneal thickness (CCT). Animals Ninety dogs. Procedures Normal dogs and dogs with ocular disease were selected for study inclusion. Central corneal thickness measurements were gathered with the Pachette 4 ultrasonic pachymeter, and IOP measurements were gathered with the three tonometers in random order. ANOVA or Wilcoxon tests were utilized for overall group comparisons. Linear regression analyses were utilized to determine the association between IOP and CCT. Results When comparing tonometers to each other, for all dogs, readings from the TV+were significantly different compared to the TV (p = <.0001) and TP (p = <.0001); however, there was no significant difference between the TV and the TP (p = .999). Linear regression did not find any significant correlation between corneal thickness and IOP readings with any tonometer when looking at normal dogs or when including dogs with ocular abnormalities. Discussion This study did not find a significant correlation between an increase in CCT and increase in IOP reading in any tonometer comparison amongst normal and dogs with ocular abnormalities. The TV+produced consistently and significantly higher readings, but measurements did not exceed the expected IOP range in normal dogs. For consistency, the same tonometer should be used when monitoring IOP over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure values using various tonometers in the dog

Guresh

Horvath

Gemensky-Metzler

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Factors which could possibly cause discrepancies between the studies may include population differences in corneal thickness and curvature, 20 21 instrument technique and calibration, undetected pathology, stress, different pressure on vasculature in the neck, and choice of topical local anaesthetics 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmology of clinically normal alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the United Kingdom: a cross‐sectional study

2020

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BackgroundAlpacas are being more frequently presented to veterinarians in the UK. It is important to validate whether published normal ocular parameters are consistent with the alpaca population in the UK.MethodsOphthalmic examinations were performed on healthy alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from three farms in East Anglia, UK.ResultsOn direct ophthalmoscopy of 35 alpacas, there was a 50 per cent prevalence of opacities within the lens in alpacas older than two years old (n=8/16). There was a 36.8 per cent prevalence of persistent hyaloid arteries in alpacas under two years old (n=7/19). The mean Schirmer tear test-1 value was 20.0 ±6 mm/minute (n=40). The mean intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry was 17.2 ±5.5 mmHg (n=46), and applanation tonometry resulted in statistically similar values (P=0.30; n=25). There was a significant variation in intraocular pressure throughout a 24-hour period (n=8). Fluorescein dye was not detected at the nostrils of any of the alpacas which underwent a Jones test to assess nasolacrimal duct patency (n=8).ConclusionThe ophthalmic findings appear largely consistent with previously published values from North America and continental Europe. Variations include the large range of measurements obtained and evidence of diurnal variation in intraocular pressure.

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“…Previous studies concerning the practice of topical nasal anesthesia before transnasal fiber‐optic laryngoscopy (TFL) have concluded that its use does not improve patient comfort during the examination . The most effective drug is tetracaine, which is an ester group and is hydrolyzed in the plasma …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1% Tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure solution aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage as upper airway anesthesia for bronchoscopy: A randomized controlled trial

Wang

Jin

Liu

et al. 2019

Clinical Respiratory J

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Background: During the bronchoscopy process, successful passage of the tracheoscope through the glottis can affect the following procedure of bronchoscopy. Therefore, safer, more effective and less painful anesthesia methods are particularly important for the bronchoscopy success rate. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure solution aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage during bronchoscopy. Methods: Patients who need bronchoscopy or bronchoscope treatment were randomly assigned to two groups; group A received pure tetracaine hydrochloride injection solution (3 mL of 1% tetracaine hydrochloride) aerosol inhalation combined with oral 5 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage and group B received diluted tetracaine hydrochloride injection (3 mL of 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection + 3 mL of sterile water for injection) aerosol inhalation combined with oral 5 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage. The anesthetic effect and adverse reactions of these groups were observed and compared. Result: A total of 523 patients were randomized. The results showed that patient's tolerance, cough response, glottis opening during the bronchoscope into the glottis and the time required to the tracheoscope pass through the glottis were obviously significantly better in group A than in group B. Vital signs including blood pressure, heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation were more stable in group A than in group B. Conclusion: The 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure liquid aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage as upper airway anesthesia is effective and safe for bronchoscopy. This method of local anesthesia is worthy of clinical application. K E Y W O R D Saerosol inhalation, bronchoscopy, local anesthesia, tetracaine hydrochloride injection | 133 WANG et Al.

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Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs

Abstract: We recommend using drugs that combine inducing longer anesthesia with producing the smallest change in IOP, such as bupivacaine and, subsequently, lidocaine. Tetracaine and proparacaine have a significant effect on IOP, and if these drugs are used, this effect should be considered.

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

The effect of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure values using various tonometers in the dog

The effect of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure values using various tonometers in the dog

Ophthalmology of clinically normal alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the United Kingdom: a cross‐sectional study

1% Tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure solution aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage as upper airway anesthesia for bronchoscopy: A randomized controlled trial

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