Effect of fragment emission time on the temperature of momentum quadrupole fluctuations

Abstract

A systematic study of a momentum quadrupole fluctuation thermometer has been presented for heavy-ion collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon via the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical decay model GEMINI. It is determined that the fragment momentum fluctuation temperature indeed reflects the average temperature of the excitation source in the fragmentation process and the secondary decay. We find that the divergence between the initial temperature and the final measurement temperature is different for protons, tritons, and 'He. The maximum divergence of the temperature is about 20% probed by protons. As an example of using protons as the probe particle, we find that the isospin dependence of the nuclear temperature is consistent between the initial temperature and the final measurement temperature.

How Sensitive Global Observables are to the Event Topology in Heavy-ion Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: A Case Study

“…Unfortunately, the v n obtained from the two-particle Q-Cumulant method may contain contributions from non-flow effects, which can be suppressed by appropriate kinematic cuts. One can introduce a pseudorapidity gap between the particles in the two-particle Q-cumulant method [91, 93,94] to suppress the non-flow contributions. Accordingly, the whole event is divided into two sub-events [95][96][97], A and B, which are separated by a |∆η| gap, as depicted in Fig.…”

Correlation between nuclear temperatures and symmetry energy in sub-saturation

“…Recent experimental and theoretical studies show that nuclear temperatures have isospin dependence [19][20][21][22][23][24]. There are two main factors contributing to this phenomenon: the Coulomb interaction and symmetry energy.…”