Effect of Freeze-Drying Process Conditions on the Stability of Nanoparticles

Physical characteristics of fish oil encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin using an aggregation method or polycaprolactone using an emulsion–diffusion method

“…Interestingly, their Z-potentials increased in the negative direction, which was attributed to capsule breakage during the freeze-drying process. Choi et al (2004) concluded that the freezing process can break nanoparticles due to oil solidification in the particles cores.…”

“…Alternatively, polycaprolactone (PCL) forms a water-insoluble membrane and is a representative biodegradable polymer used for coating or encapsulation drugs, genes, and other active agents due to its biocompatibility, permeability, and biodegradability (Choi, Briançon, Andrieu, Min, & Fessi, 2004;Choi, Soottitantawat, Nuchuchua, Min, & Ruktanonchai, 2008). PCL emulsions are obtained using a partially water-miscible organic solvent containing the polymer in an aqueous phase, the subsequent addition of water to the system causes diffusion of the organic solvent from the dispersed phase to water.…”

Physical and light oxidative properties of eugenol encapsulated by molecular inclusion and emulsion–diffusion method

“…The encapsulation of flavors in emulsions employs biopolymeric emulsifiers, a process referred to as ''microemulsion" with particle diameters substantially less than 0.1 lm (Given Jr., 2008). The emulsion-diffusion method is one of the representative and promising techniques in pharmaceutics for oil entrapment by biodegradable polymers as a wall material, for example, polycaprolactone (PCL) (Choi, Briançon, Andrieu, Min, & Fessi, 2004). The advantages of this formulation include high yields of encapsulation, high reproducibility, and better control of particle size and ease of scaling up production (MoinardChécot, Chevalier, Briançon, Beney, & Fessi, 2008).…”

Effect of Sugars, Surfactant, and Tangential Flow Filtration on the Freeze-Drying of Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles

“…Because the protective excipients are not removed, the nanoparticles are covered by a sheet formed by the excipients, which makes observations of the particles difficult (4,15,33). To avoid this, the nanoparticle dispersion can be deposited on an ultrafiltration membrane of proper size: the freeze-drying excipients are removed by the filtration and the nano- Fig.…”