Effect of frequency on the structure and cell response of Ca- and P-containing MAO films

Direct fabrication of crystalline hydroxyapatite coating on zirconium by single-step plasma electrolytic oxidation process

“…The formation of HA phase which is shown in Eq. (3) involves the reaction of Ca 2+ , PO 4 3 − , and H 2 O with the aid of high energy sparks and forms Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and 2H + as by products [64,65]. Our previous work showed that with the increasing coating thickness, the discharge energy required to break the formed coating film increases to keep the current density at a constant rate level [34].…”

Surface modification of biomedical tantalum by micro-arc oxidation

“…X the other hand, Ca 2+ can regulate the cell cycle by regulating the osteoblast signalling transduction pathway. 19 Thus, the release of Ca 2+ will enhance osteoblast attachment and proliferation and can increase osteoconduction. The bioactive Ca/P-containing coatings on titanium are similar to some biomimetic implant materials used for bone tissue.…”

Preparation of Porous F-WO3/TiO2Films with Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity by Microarc Oxidation

“…MAO, a plasma-assisted electrochemical process, has been used to fabricate a TiO 2 surface layer by applying a positive voltage to a Ti sheet that is immersed in an electrolyte [26]. In addition to its short process duration and less-sophisticated equipments, the MAO process is reportedly a potentially good approach for preparing porous and network-structured TiO 2 films that adhere robustly to a Ti sheet substrate [26][27][28][29][30]. The main mechanism in MAO involves dielectric breakdown, which causes spark discharge and microarcing.…”

“…The porous network is regarded as an open, wormlike structure on the surface of the film, with randomly orientated channels. The approach has several potential applications, mostly involving biocompatibility, such as biomimetic apatite [31], orthopedic implants with antimicrobial coatings [30,[32][33][34], and wear protection [35]. Recently, some related studies have addressed the degradation of dye [4,26,27,36,37] or dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) [38].…”

“…One of the advantages of MAO process is the possibility of incorporating anionic and/or cationic ions into the TiO 2 layer on an inexpensive Ti substrate, by controlling the composition and concentration of the electrolyte [28][29][30]. However, the MAO TiO 2 film is liable to contain some free Ti elements and has large pores and a high pore density.…”