Effect of friction on tennis ball impacts

Allen, Thomas B.; Haake, Steve; Goodwill, Simon

doi:10.1243/17543371jset66

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For a COF below 0.60, the horizontal force is proportional to the normal force, suggesting that the ball is sliding throughout the bounce without changing the friction force direction. For a COF above 0.60, the frictional force drops to 0 after 4 to 5 ms (indicating that the ball is rolling at that point) and then even reverses sign (similar results are reported by Allen, Haake, & Goodwill (2010) for tennis ball bounce). This indicates that the ball is slipping or over-spinning, means that the horizontal velocity of the ball is smaller than the product of its radius and its angular velocity.…”

Section: Effect Of the Cofsupporting

confidence: 81%

Finite element modelling and experimental study of oblique soccer ball bounce

Rezaei

Verhelst

Paepegem

et al. 2011

Journal of Sports Sciences

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In this article a finite element model is developed to study the oblique soccer ball bounce. A careful simulation of the interaction between the ball membrane and air pressure in the ball makes the model more realistic than analytical models, and helps to conduct an accurate study on the effect of different parameters on the ball bouncing. This finite element model includes surface-based fluid cavity to model the mechanical response between the ball carcass and the internal air of the ball.An experimental setup was devised to study the ball bounce at soccer gamerelevant impact conditions. The ball speed, angle and spin were measured before and after the bounce, as well as the ball deformation and the forces during the impact. The finite element model has been validated with three different test data, and the results demonstrate that the performed finite element model can be a valuable tool in the study of ball bounce. After validation of the utilized finite element model, the effect of the friction coefficient on soccer ball bounce was studied numerically. Simulation results show that increasing the friction coefficient may result into reversal of the horizontal impact force.

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Section: Effect Of the Cofsupporting

confidence: 81%

Finite element modelling and experimental study of oblique soccer ball bounce

Rezaei

Verhelst

Paepegem

et al. 2011

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Very recent research has identified a critical hole area ratio, which is the ratio of dimpled hole area to the total shoe contact area, for tennis shoes sliding on a hard court [81]. Allen et al [82] showcase the effect of friction on tennis ball impacts.…”

Section: Friction In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resources for sports engineering education

Allen

Goff

2017

Sports Eng

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This paper serves as a resource guide for Sports Engineering educators. The paper covers key topics in Sports Engineering, including ball impact, friction, safety and materials. A variety of resource types are presented to reflect modern methods of learning and searching for information, including textbooks, research and review papers, websites and videos. The field could benefit from more resources specifically designated for teaching Sports Engineering, particularly textbooks.

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“…In comparison, t decreases as s decreases for shallower impacts because of the increased movement of the strings over each other rather than the decrease in friction between the ball and strings. Equation (3) should be used carefully to determine the coefficient of friction since it represents traction rather than the more traditional sense of Coulomb friction, as stated by Allen et al 10 The effect of changing the coefficient of friction of the tennis strings is more complex than initially envisaged. The instinct is that a reduction in s might reduce the friction of the ball travelling over the surface.…”

Section: Effect Of Inter-string Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inter-string friction on tennis ball rebound

Haake

Allen

Jones

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Tennis players report anecdotally that the choice of string material affects the amount of spin applied to the ball by the racket. Previous research on the effect of the coefficient of friction of tennis strings has concluded that ball rebound is mostly, but not always, independent of the string friction. To understand this better, tennis balls were projected at a fixed racket at 25 mÁs À1 with backspin varying from 0 to 400 radÁs À1 at an angle of 40 and 60 to the normal with strings made from either nylon or polyester. Each string type was modified by lubricating it to give low friction or sanding it to give high friction. It was shown that the inter-string friction s had different consequences depending upon whether the strings slid across each other during contact. The ball tended to roll at high s, unless the inbound backspin was high enough to induce slipping. A decrease in s allowed slipping of the strings over each other which reduced the horizontal impulse applied to the ball. At very low s the ball was induced to overspin at steep impacts or slip at shallow angles. It was concluded that the dominant effect of a change in inter-string friction was in the string movement rather than the coefficient of friction between the ball and strings, and that the effect was dependent upon impact angle and spin.

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Effect of friction on tennis ball impacts

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Finite element modelling and experimental study of oblique soccer ball bounce

Finite element modelling and experimental study of oblique soccer ball bounce

Resources for sports engineering education

Effect of inter-string friction on tennis ball rebound

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