Effect of Fuel Humidity on the Performance of a Single-Cylinder Research Engine Operating on Hydrogen

Taxon, Morse N.; Brueckner, Stephen R.; Bohac, Stanislav V.

doi:10.4271/2002-01-2685

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, automotive manufacturers are seriously challenged today not only by legislative demands of low emissions but also by the need to decrease their dependency on non-renewable fuels, therefore, hydrogen has recently been the subject of much discussion, research and publications. In the past few years, research on hydrogen engines has been reported by several engine manufacturers [3][4][5][6][7][8], with BMW leading the way [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Rosati¹,

Aleiferis²

2009

SAE Int. J. Engines

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTHydrogen has been largely proposed as a possible alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Its wide flammability range allows higher engine efficiency with leaner operation than conventional fuels, for both reduced toxic emissions and no CO 2 gases. Independently, Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) also allows higher thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption with reduced NO X emissions when compared to Spark-Ignition (SI) engine operation. For HCCI combustion, a mixture of air and fuel is supplied to the cylinder and autoignition occurs from compression; engine is operated throttle-less and load is controlled by the quality of the mixture, avoiding the large fluid-dynamic losses in the intake manifold of SI engines. HCCI can be induced and controlled by varying the mixture temperature, either by Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) or intake air pre-heating. A combination of HCCI combustion with hydrogen fuelling has great potential for virtually zero CO 2 and NO X emissions. Nevertheless, combustion on such a fast burning fuel with wide flammability limits and high octane number implies many disadvantages, such as control of backfiring and speed of autoignition and there is almost no literature on the subject, particularly in optical engines. Experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder research engine equipped with both Port Fuel Injection (PFI) and Direct Injection (DI) systems running at 1000 RPM. Optical access to in-cylinder phenomena was enabled through an extended piston and optical crown. Combustion images were acquired by a highspeed camera at 1° or 2° crank angle resolution for a series of engine cycles. Spark-ignition tests were initially carried out to benchmark the operation of the engine with hydrogen against gasoline. DI of hydrogen after intake valve closure was found to be preferable in order to overcome problems related to backfiring and air displacement from hydrogen's low density. HCCI combustion of hydrogen was initially enabled by means of a pilot port injection of n-heptane preceding the main direct injection of hydrogen, along with intake air preheating. Sole hydrogen fuelling HCCI was finally achieved and made sustainable, even at the low compression ratio of the optical engine by means of closed-valve DI, in synergy with air-pre-heating and negative valve overlap to promote intern...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Rosati¹,

Aleiferis²

2009

SAE Int. J. Engines

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“…It should be noted that the rate of pressure increase in the combustion chamber (CC) of a hydrogen engine operating on stoichiometric and close to it mixtures is approximately three times higher compared to the combustion of gasoline-air mixtures. But when switching to lean mixtures of hydrogen with air, the rate of their combustion is significantly reduced, which ensures the normal operation of the engine [11,12]. The leanness of the fuel mixture is achieved by increasing the excess air ratio, for example, in the range from 1 to 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the working process of a dual-fuel hydrogen engine

et al. 2023

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The relevance of the article is due to the need to replace petroleum fuels with motor fuels obtained from alternative raw materials. Hydrogen is considered as a promising alternative fuel. The use of hydrogen as a motor fuel makes it possible to solve the problem of a cardinal reduction in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Using the DIESEL-RK software package, computational studies of the effect of hydrogen supply on the working process of the gas-diesel engine D-245 were carried out. The diesel cycle of the engine and its gas-diesel cycle were calculated with hydrogen supplies equal to 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80% (taking into account the difference in the heat of combustion of the studied fuels). The maximum effective efficiency of a diesel engine is achieved when 40% hydrogen is supplied to the combustion chamber. In this case, compared to operation only on petroleum diesel fuel, the effective efficiency of the diesel engine increased by 7%.

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“…6 Fuel humidity and excess air was found to have a significant effect in reducing the NOx emissions. 7 It is known that the nozzle internal flow significantly influences the spray morphology, primary breakup, penetration velocity, combustion and emissions of IC engines. The string cavitation in the nozzle seemed to cause higher emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the in sac cavitating flow for diesel spray with split injection strategy

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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IC engines consume a large amount of fuel and produce plenty of emissions, thus reducing fuel consumption, and emissions are important. Nozzle internal flow which dominates spray breakup is the key to improve spray atomization and reduce fuel consumption. In this study, microscopic imaging technique was employed to investigate the effects of needle oscillation and injection strategy on the nozzle internal flow under cold (20°C) and hot (140°C) conditions. Needle oscillation was found to affect spray morphology, leading to obvious spray asymmetry under both cold and hot conditions with stronger spray radial propagation under hot condition. Cavitation in the sac appeared when needle oscillated due to enhanced turbulence. Besides, cavitation in the sac was introduced when the needle was insufficiently open due to throttling, especially under hot condition because of reduced viscosity. By contrast, when the split-injection strategy was employed, cavitation was considerably boosted because of the consistent flow transition and the resultant throttling effect. Effective injection duration of the first injection governed the corresponding peak relative cavitation area. The appearance of cavitation was delayed during the initial stage for each split injection after the fuel flows out due to laminar flow regime.

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Effect of Fuel Humidity on the Performance of a Single-Cylinder Research Engine Operating on Hydrogen

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Study of the working process of a dual-fuel hydrogen engine

Dynamics of the in sac cavitating flow for diesel spray with split injection strategy

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