“…These SMRs were projected to start operation between 2019 and 2022. Furthermore, there are six RITM-200 reactors (an integral PWR) fabricated in the Russian Federation, with four units already installed in the Sibir and Arktika icebreakers, in service in 2020 (Beliavskii et al, 2022). Although remarkable achievements have been fulfilled in various SMR technologies in recent years, some technical challenges still attract considerable attention in the industry and academia.…”