Effect of fuel on the soot nanostructure and consequences on loading and regeneration of diesel particulate filters

Impact of biodiesel fuel on engine emissions and Aftertreatment System operation

“…However, as stated in their paper, the effect of the different PM/NO 2 ratio on the BET was not very much explored. Similar conclusions on BET were commented in other studies [33,34], although in some cases controversial results were found [35,36] with low content biodiesel blends.…”

“…presence of metallic particles) [37], carbon functionality (i.e. presence of C/O functional groups) [38] and surface area [39,40] related to SOF, primary particle diameter [34,37,41], fringe length and tortuosity [34]. However, these results, even presented by the same authors [42,43] or using different techniques [34], were contradictory.…”

“…However, both Prati [33] and Lapuerta [34] observed an opposite behavior during an active regeneration process, since they measured a lower regeneration rate with biodiesel. Prati [33] explained this contradictory result with a deactivation of fuel post-injections as managed by the ECU, after an initial period with normal operation.…”

“…Prati [33] explained this contradictory result with a deactivation of fuel post-injections as managed by the ECU, after an initial period with normal operation. Lapuerta [34] instead considered, with biodiesel, the effects of both a low accumulated mass of soot and a low DPF temperature due to the lower heating value of the fuel. So, both of them suggested the need for an optimization of the ECU strategy for DPF active regeneration when biodiesel is used.…”

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black

“…For example, Song et al observed increased concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of soot structures leading to an increased efficiency of oxidation and therefore DPF regeneration [25]. Lapuerta et al observed that while biodiesel soot possessed a more ordered and graphitic (and therefore in theory less reactive) structure than diesel soot, it was more efficiently oxidised in the particulate filter due to smaller primary particles increasing available surface area, and differences in cake formation on the filter [26]. The morphology and reactivity of soot emitted into the ambient environment has also been observed to affect the extent of inhalation and of deposition in lungs [27], contribute to global warming via light extinction and interaction with reactive ambient species [28], and disrupt marine bacterial ecosystems [29].…”