Effect of Fuel Reformulation on Diesel Particulate Emissions – Application of DNA Adduct Test

Kuljukka, Terhi; Savela, Kirsti; Peltonen, Kimmo; Mikkonen, Seppo; Rantanen, Leena

doi:10.4271/982650

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For the regulated mass emissions the fuel rank order for the Modal LPP tests (modes 5,6,10,11), with pilot fuel injection off, reflect the results seen for the weighted averages. For HC, CO, and The general modal effect for both gaseous and soluble PAH emissions were compound specific, and to some effect dependent on BMEP and the molecular weight of the compound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…LPP only condition for modes 5,6,10, and 11 -Using only the pilot off condition data, an ANOVA was performed using the 5 fuels and 4 modes (5, 6, 10, and 11). This ANOVA model contained a FUEL and MODE effect along with a FUEL by MODE interaction.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since each fuel, mode, and pilot condition combination was run in triplicate, a composite response was determined from the test results for modes 5,6,10, and 11 that were run nearest to one another.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multifactor ANOVA included fuel effects, mode effects, and fuel/mode interaction effects. The ANOVA tables for the modal LPP Operation (modes 5,6,10,11) can be found in Appendix E.…”

Section: Fuel Impact On Emissions-modal Lpp Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ANOVA tables for the modal LPP Operation (modes 5,6,10,11) can be found in Appendix E. Letters designate groups of factor means within which there are no statistically significant differences NS = no statistically significant differences in the mean response at the 5% level of significance (contd)…”

Section: Fuel Impact On Particulate Soluble Extract Pah Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Dimethoxymethane in Diesel Fuel: Chemical Characterization of Toxicologically Relevart Compounds From Diesel Emissions

Yost¹,

Buckingham²,

Frame³

2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Statistical Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multifactor ANOVA included fuel effects, mode effects, and fuel/mode interaction effects. The ANOVA tables for the modal LPP Operation (modes 5,6,10,11) can be found in Appendix E.…”

Section: Fuel Impact On Emissions-modal Lpp Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Impact On Particulate Soluble Extract Pah Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dimethoxymethane in Diesel Fuel: Chemical Characterization of Toxicologically Relevart Compounds From Diesel Emissions

Yost¹,

Buckingham²,

Frame³

2001

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Comparison of mutagenicity and calf thymus DNA adducts formed by the particulate and semivolatile fractions of vehicle exhausts

Pohjola

Lappi

Honkanen

et al. 2003

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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In this study we compared the ability of extractable organic material from particulate and semivolatile fractions of gasoline emission to induce mutations in bacteria and form adducts with calf thymus (CT) DNA with corresponding data obtained from diesel exhaust. Exhaust particles from gasoline-powered passenger cars were collected on filters and semivolatile compounds were collected on polyurethane foam (PUF). The mutagenicity of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) was determined in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 and the DNA binding of aromatic compounds in the extracts was assessed by in vitro incubations with CT DNA and rat liver S9 (oxidative activation) or xanthine oxidase (reductive activation) followed by butanol-enhanced (32)P-postlabeling analysis. Semivolatile fractions of gasoline emission collected on PUF formed more CT DNA adducts than filter extracts under all reaction conditions, but showed a lower mutagenic potential than the corresponding particulate samples. This suggests that the capacity of PUF to collect exhaust particle-derived compounds and/or the efficiency of xanthine oxidase and enzymes in the rat liver S9 to activate these compounds to DNA binding metabolites was higher than expected. Gasoline extracts, benzo[a]pyrene and diesel particulate matter (SRM 1650) formed more S9-mediated DNA adducts as their dose increased, although a linear dose-response was not observed for the gasoline exhausts. Lower concentrations of gasoline and diesel extracts bound to DNA with greater efficiency than did 8-fold higher doses, suggesting complex interactions and/or an inhibition of S9 enzyme activities by the high doses. Diesel extracts formed higher levels of adducts than gasoline extracts, especially with the reductive activation system, suggesting that diesel extracts contain high levels of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). The higher direct-acting Salmonella mutagenicity in diesel extracts in comparison with gasoline extracts is consistent with diesel extracts containing higher concentrations of nitro-PAHs. The results of this study indicate that diesel extracts are more mutagenic and form more DNA adducts than gasoline extracts and that the effects of extract dose on DNA adduct formation are complex.

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Extraction of oil from Crotalaria Juncea seeds in a modified Soxhlet apparatus: Physical and chemical characterization of a prospective bio-fuel

Dutta

Sarkar

Mukherjee

2014

Fuel

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Effect of Fuel Reformulation on Diesel Particulate Emissions – Application of DNA Adduct Test

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Dimethoxymethane in Diesel Fuel: Chemical Characterization of Toxicologically Relevart Compounds From Diesel Emissions

Dimethoxymethane in Diesel Fuel: Chemical Characterization of Toxicologically Relevart Compounds From Diesel Emissions

Comparison of mutagenicity and calf thymus DNA adducts formed by the particulate and semivolatile fractions of vehicle exhausts

Extraction of oil from Crotalaria Juncea seeds in a modified Soxhlet apparatus: Physical and chemical characterization of a prospective bio-fuel

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