Effect of Functionalization of 2D Graphene Nanosheets on Oxidation Stress of BEAS-2B Cells

Abstract

The present study is intended to determine the physiochemical properties of functionalized graphene leading to potential molecular or cellular injury. We investigated the role of functionalization of graphene oxide nano akes (GONPs) and the cellular responses in terms of viability and cytotoxicity of BEAS-2B cells. GONPs were synthesized by hummer's method and obtained ne GONPs of 1.87 nm size. The crystalline dimensions, microstrain, and dislocation densities of the GONPs were analyzed by using XRD and a FESEM was used to determine the shape of the as-synthesized GONPs. The cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated using cultured BEAS-2B cells. GONPs were exposed to the cultured cells in an incremental dosage pattern. The interactions of GONPs with the cultured cells were studied using the analytical techniques ow cytometry, and FE-SEM imaging. It is found that GONPs interacted with the plasma membrane and whereas high concentration GONPs were detached from the cells and remained as foreign bodies which is observed through FESEM analysis From the obtained results we summarize the effect of functionalization of GNPs and their altered properties and their mechanism of interaction with non-phagocytic cell lines.

Experimental investigation of tungsten–nickel–iron alloy, W95Ni3.5Fe1.5, compared to copper monolithic bullets

“…With an increase in hardness value and temperature ascertained during the making of the bullet profile in the area of the tool-chip-workpiece interface, stress is induced on the sub-layers of the workpiece. This stress is in the form of tensile/ compressive factors Sastry et al, 2020b;Jhansi et al, 2023;Umadevi et al, 2023. With an increase in temperature owing to the hardness of the workpiece, the tool wear increases, risking failure during the machining cycle (Navukkarasan et al, 2020).…”

Mechanical and spectroscopic investigation of novel f-MWCNTS/g-C3N4/TiO2 ternary nanocomposite reinforced denture base PMMA

“…Modification of PMMA with reinforcement materials is targeted to attain improved physical such as color, transparency, density, and thermal properties (like melting point, thermal conductivity), and mechanical properties include aspects like tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact resistance, but most of the reinforcement materials offer enhancement in physical properties with very low improvement in mechanical properties or vice-versa [11]. Substantial literature is available on individual properties enhancements by individual nanofillers [12][13][14][15][16]. For example, the addition of alumina nanofiller to PMMA shows a significant effect on dielectric properties with no effect on physical properties and concurrently causes the least impact on mechanical properties [17].…”

“…Numerous research activities are lugged net to showcase the improvement in mechanical and antibacterial properties of PMMA denture base material by the addition of nanofillers. Nano-reinforcement materials like fiber, alumina, zirconia, silver, titanium, nano-gold, silica, and carbon-based nanomaterials are extensively used to improve mechanical properties like tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, compression, wear resistance, and water solubility/absorption of PMMA denture base polymers [12][13][14]19]. For instance, Gray HunLi et al improved the flexural strength and load-bearing capacity of PMMA by the addition of fiber to PMMA denture base resin [20].…”

“…Thus thereby a large specific surface and high surface area of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are obtained and can further be extended to the applications comprising engineering, science, and medicine [13]. The large surface area of the CNTs allowed them to be functionalized easily [14]. MWCNTs are 2D graphene elongated hexagonal honeycomb nested cylindrical nanotubes, made-up of sp 2 hybridization with an average diameter ranging from 3-30 nm and can grow into several centimeters.…”

“…MWCNTs are 2D graphene elongated hexagonal honeycomb nested cylindrical nanotubes, made-up of sp 2 hybridization with an average diameter ranging from 3-30 nm and can grow into several centimeters. Due to the several layers of carbon rolled off with a typical wall-to-wall distance of 0.340 nm, MWCNTs are made to be stiff and rigid in comparison to the flexible single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [12,14]. Arc discharge, laser ablation, and catalytic chemical vapor deposition are the most commonly used synthesis techniques to produce MWCNTs [15].…”